Chem Unit 4, Topic 1

• Hydrocarbon - an organic compound consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms
• Main chain - the longest chain of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule
• • Alkane - a class of organic compound that contains single bonds between the carbon atoms
• Alkyne - a class of organic compound that contains one or more triple bonds between the carbon atom
• Locant - a number or letter that indicates the position of a substituent or functional group within an organic compound
• Multiple bond - a double or triple bond in an organic compound
• • Substituent - an atom or group of atoms bonded to a carbon atom in the main chain
• Non-cyclic - an organic compound that has a straight main chain with two ends
• Cyclic - an organic compound that consists of a ring of carbons
• What does this table refer to?

  The number of carbon atoms in the main chain of the hydrocarbon

  
• Meth - has one number of carbon
• Eth - has two number of carbon
• prop - three carbons
• but - four carbons
• pent - 5 carbons
• hex - 6 carbons
• hept - 7 carbons
• oct - 8 carbons
• non - nine carbons
• Dec - ten carbons
• element - propane

  
• element - propene

  
• element - propyne

  
• Locants - indicate where double or triple bonds are
• Each carbon atom is assigned a number beginning with 1 on the end of the main chain
• The number where the multiple bond occurs is determined by the end it is closest to
• element - hex-2-ene

  
• Hydrocarbons can have a smaller chain attached to a carbon, this is called a substituent
• The substituent will be named but will have a "yl" suffix
• element - 3-methylhexane

  
• Multiple Substituents Rule - If more than one substituent in the carbon, name in alphabetical order eg ethyl before methyl
• Locant Rule 1 - Assign the suffix to the lowest possible locant
• When more than one substituent number locants left to right or right to left so that they start at the lowest locant
• When there are multiple branches and no points of difference, list in alphabetical order
• Cyclic Hydrocarbons - The main chain is the longest continuous chain of hydrocarbons and can be non-cyclic or cyclic
• Cyclic consist of a ring of carbons and its name includes the prefix "cyclo"
• Cyclic Hydrocarbons cannot be formed using a triangle, square or pentagonal bond, as their tetrahedral arrangement of 108 degrees does not allow them to bond
• make sure you check that the chain is the longest chain after naming the carbon, as altering the carbon substituents would alter the name of the carbon
• Cyclic Hydrocarbon - 6 Hydrocarbon, Hexane
• Stick or no letter - assume that it is hydrogen