KA 1: Cell Structure

• What are all organisms made up of?

  One or more cells
• Why are most cells not visible to the naked eye?

  Because they are too small
• What tool is commonly used for the study of cells?

  Light microscope
• What happens to cells under a microscope?

  They are magnified and more detail can be seen
• How can total magnification be calculated?

  Total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification
• In what medium are living cells usually viewed under a microscope?

  In a drop of liquid, often water
• How can more detail about cell structure be obtained?

  By staining them before viewing
• What are stains in the context of microscopy?

  Dyes which are picked up in different amounts by different parts of the cell
• Which stain can be used to stain plant cells?

  Iodine
• Which stain is used for animal cells?

  Methylene blue
• What are some structural similarities between plant and animal cells?

  Both contain a cytoplasm, cell membrane, and a nucleus
• What is the exception to the presence of a nucleus in animal cells?

  Red blood cells
• What are the main components found in both plant and animal cells?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus (except in red blood cells)
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  They generate most of the cell's energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
• Nucleus

  Controls activities of the cell
• Cytoplasm

  Site of chemical reactions in the cell
• Cell membrane

  Controls entrance and exit of materials
• Cell wall

  Provides shape and support to the cell
• Vacuole

  Contains cell sap and provides support to the cell
• Chloroplast

  Site of photosynthesis in green plant cells
• Mitochondria


  Main site of energy production
• Ribosomes

  Site of protein synthesis
• The structure of a fungal (yeast) and bacterial cell is shown below.

  .

  
• what do all cells types contain?

  ribosomes
• what do all plant, animal and fungal cells contain?

  mitochondria
• two cell types

  .