KA 6: Respiration

• What are the forms of energy mentioned?

  Heat, light, electrical, kinetic, nuclear, chemical, sound, gravitational, elastic
• What does the law of conservation of energy state?

  Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
• Why is chemical energy important to cells?

  It is essential for cellular processes
• How do cells obtain chemical energy?

  From foods like glucose
• What process releases chemical energy stored in glucose?

  Respiration through enzyme-controlled reactions
• What is produced from the breakdown of glucose?

  ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate
• What is the role of ATP in cells?

  It provides energy for cellular activities
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen
• How is aerobic respiration similar across organisms?

  The reaction pathway is almost the same
• How many stages are there in aerobic respiration?

  Two stages
• What is glycolysis?

  Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate
• How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis?

  2 ATP molecules
• What happens to pyruvate in the second stage of aerobic respiration?

  It is broken down into carbon dioxide and water
• How many ATP molecules are generated in the second stage of aerobic respiration?

  36 ATP molecules
• What is the total ATP yield from one glucose molecule in aerobic respiration?

  38 ATP molecules
• Where does glycolysis take place?

  In the cytoplasm of the cell
• Where does the second stage of aerobic respiration occur?

  In the mitochondria
• What is fermentation?

  Breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen
• How does fermentation compare to aerobic respiration in terms of ATP production?

  Fermentation produces only 2 ATP molecules
• What are the waste products of fermentation in humans?

  Lactate from pyruvate breakdown
• What do plants and yeast produce during fermentation?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• Where do both stages of fermentation occur?

  In the cytoplasm
• How can the quantity of oxygen used by respiring cells be measured?

  Using a respirometer
• What chemical is used in a respirometer to absorb carbon dioxide?

  Sodium hydroxide (soda lime)