Chapter 1

• Who does John Durbeyfield meet on his way home?

  Parson Tringham
• What does Parson Tringham reveal to John Durbeyfield?

  He reveals that Durbeyfield is descended from the ancient D’Urberville family.
• How does Durbeyfield react to the revelation of his ancestry?

  He is amazed and requests a carriage to take him home.
• What is the significance of the quote about being the "lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the D’Urbervilles"?

  • It serves as the impetus for the rest of the action in the book.
  • Durbeyfield's excitement reflects Hardy's satire of Victorian society.
  • It comments on the emphasis on ancient names without real wealth or power.
• What does the quote “Oh- nothing; except chasten yourself with the thought of ‘how the mighty are fallen’” imply about the theme of the book?

  It emphasizes social criticism and introduces themes of fate and injustice.
• How does the quote about the mighty falling relate to Tess's character?

  It foreshadows Tess's fall from innocent maiden to a guilty murderer.
• What does the phrase “You’ve had enough already” suggest about Tess's situation?

  It implies that Tess has endured significant hardships in her life.
• How is Tess introduced in the context of her family?

  • Tess is part of a philanthropic women's club.
  • Her father is described as a drunk, contrasting her purity and kindness.
  • Tess receives all of life's hardships despite her character.
• What message does Hardy convey about women's treatment in the 19th century through Tess's character?

  Women were treated unjustly, often vilified regardless of their deeds.
• What does the phrase “Tis the women’s club-walking” imply about Tess's social role?

  It suggests that Tess is involved in social and charitable activities.