Mitosis Cell Cycle

• What is the order of the phases in the cell cycle?

  Interphase

  Prophase

  Metaphase

  Anaphase

  Telophase

  Cytokinesis
• What happens in Interphase?

  • Cell carries out its normal activities
  • DNA is in a Chromatin state
• What happens in Early Prophase?

  • Cell prepares to divide
  • Chromosomes become visible as they coil, shorten, thicken and take up stain more intensely
  • Centriole divides
  • Nucleolus becomes less prominent
• What happens in Late Prophase?

  • Chromosomes become more distinct and consist of two chromatids connected by a centromere
  • Centrioles migrate to opposite polls of the cell
  • Nucleolus continues to shrink and disappear
  • Nuclear envelope disintegrates
• What happens in Metaphase?

  • Each centriole is at a pole
  • Centrioles grow spindles and attach to the centromeres of each chromosome
  • Each centromere attaches to both poles via spindles
  • Chromosomes are pulled by the spindles to the metaphase plate (The equator)
• What happens in between Metaphase and Anaphase?

  Centromeres split
• What happens in Anaphase?

  • Spindle fibres contract to pull centromeres apart, taking one Chromatid aswell
  • Chromatids are taken to opposite poles of the cell, pulled by the centromere first
  • Each half has one chromatid from each chromosome
• What happens in Telophase?

  • Chromatids reach the poles of their spindles that they're connected to and become daughter chromosomes
  • Chromatids begin to uncoil and become less distinct
  • Nuclear envelope starts to reform
  • Nucleolus starts to reform
  • Cell moves into Cytokinesis or cell division
• What happens in Cytokinesis?

  Animal Cells:

  • The edges of the cell begin to constrict and form two daughter cells (Invagination)

  Plant Cells:

  • A cell wall is laid down at the metaphase and then the cell is divided
• What do daughter cells have in common?

  Same:

  • Chromosome number
  • Genetic makeup

  As their parent cell
• What happens after Mitosis?

  Interphase, where:

  • DNA replication occurs for double stranded chromosomes which later divide
  • Cellular structures are made (subsequently divided between the daughter cells)
  • A significant proportion of time is spent checking genetic information