Hyponatremia

• Hyponatremia


  Most often results from excessive fluid retention or infusion that dilutes the sodium in the blood.
• Hyponatremia

  It is caused by sodium loss or water excess.
• Hyponatremia

  Causes:

  Dilutional Hyponatremia

  • excessive fluid intake
  • SIADH

  Loss of Sodium

  • gi: vomiting, diarrhea
  • renal losses: diuretics, adrenal insufficiency (e.g., Addison’s disease).
  • Skin Losses: Excessive sweating or diaphoresis

  Third-spacing

  • Ascites
  • Edema
• Hyponatremia

  Signs and Symptoms:

  Mnemonic: SALT LOSS
• Hyponatremia

  Signs and Symptoms:

  S - stupor or coma

  A - anorexia

  L - lethargy

  T - tachycardia

  L - limb muscles (weakness)

  O - orthostatic hypotension

  S - seizures or headache

  S - stomach cramping
• Hyponatremia

  Management:

  • Administer NaCL 0.9 % per IV, plasma expanders. To prevent shock
  • Sodium-rich foods in diet.
  • Safety precautions