Science term 1 assesment

• What is the main concept of energy transfer between different energy stores?


  Energy is transferred between different energy stores and objects.
• What are the different types of energy stores?

  • Kinetic energy stores
  • Thermal energy stores
  • Gravitational potential energy stores
  • Elastic potential energy stores
  • Chemical energy stores
  • Magnetic energy stores
  • Electrostatic energy stores
  • Nuclear energy stores
• How is energy transferred to an object?

  Energy is transferred to an object and stored in one of its energy stores.
• What are the methods of energy transfer?

  Energy can be transferred mechanically, electrically, by heating, or by radiation.
• What is a system in physics?

  A system refers to a single object or a group of objects that are of interest.
• What happens to energy when a system changes?

  Energy is transferred into or away from the system, between different objects, or between different types of energy stores.
• What is a closed system?

  A closed system is one where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave.
• What is the net change in total energy of a closed system?

  The net change in the total energy of a closed system is always zero.
• How is energy transferred when boiling water in a kettle?

  Energy is transferred to the water by heating, into the water's thermal energy store.
• How does work relate to energy transfer?

  Work done is another way of saying energy transferred; they are the same thing.
• How does throwing a ball upwards transfer energy?

  The initial force exerted by a person transfers energy from the chemical energy store of the arm to the kinetic energy store of the ball and arm.
• What happens to a ball dropped from a height?

  The gravitational force does work, transferring energy from the ball's gravitational potential energy store to its kinetic energy store.
• How does friction affect energy transfer in a car's brakes?

  Friction does work, transferring energy from the wheels' kinetic energy stores to the thermal energy store of the surroundings.
• What occurs during a collision between a car and a stationary object?

  The normal contact force does work, transferring energy from the car's kinetic energy store to other energy stores, such as elastic potential and thermal energy stores.
• What are the energy transfers that occur when wind causes a windmill to spin?


  • Wind energy is transferred to the blades of the windmill.
  • The blades convert wind energy into kinetic energy.
  • The kinetic energy is then converted into mechanical energy to generate electricity.
• What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

  The change in gravitational potential energy can be calculated using the formula: $\Delta E_{g.p.e.} =$$mgh$, where $m$ is mass, $g$ is gravitational field strength, and $h$ is height.
• How does height affect gravitational potential energy?

  The higher the object is lifted, the more energy is transferred to its gravitational potential energy store.
• What factors affect the amount of energy in a gravitational potential energy store?


  The amount of energy depends on the object's mass, height, and the strength of the gravitational field.
• What happens to energy when an object falls?

  Energy from its gravitational potential energy store is transferred to its kinetic energy store.
• What is the effect of air resistance on falling objects?

  Air resistance acts against the motion, causing some energy to be transferred to other energy stores, such as thermal energy stores.
• How does stretching an object transfer energy?

  Stretching an object transfers energy to its elastic potential energy store.
• What is the formula for elastic potential energy?

  The elastic potential energy can be calculated using the formula: $E =$$\frac{1}{2} k e^2$, where $k$ is the spring constant and $e$ is the extension.
• How do you calculate the speed of a dropped object after falling a certain height?

  You can use energy conservation principles to find the speed after falling a height by equating gravitational potential energy lost to kinetic energy gained.
• What is specific heat capacity?

  Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C.
• How do different materials affect specific heat capacity?

  Different materials have different specific heat capacities, meaning they require different amounts of energy to change temperature.
• How can you investigate specific heat capacities in a practical experiment?

  You can measure the temperature change of a material when a known amount of energy is supplied to it.
• What is the principle of conservation of energy?

  Energy can be transferred, stored, or dissipated, but it can never be created or destroyed.
• What happens to energy during an energy transfer?

  Not all energy is transferred usefully; some energy is always dissipated as waste energy.
• What is the formula for efficiency?

  Efficiency can be calculated using the formula: $\text{Efficiency} =$$\frac{\text{Useful output energy transfer}}{\text{Total input energy transfer}}$.
• How can you improve the efficiency of energy transfers?

  You can improve efficiency by reducing friction and using lubricants.
• What is the role of insulation in energy transfer?

  Insulation reduces energy transfer by conduction and convection, helping to maintain temperature.
• How do cavity walls reduce energy transfer?

  Cavity walls reduce energy transfer by conduction through an air gap between the inner and outer walls.
• What is the function of double-glazed windows?

  Double-glazed windows prevent energy transfer by conduction through an air gap between two sheets of glass.
• How do excluders around doors and windows help with energy transfer?

  Excluders reduce energy transfers by convection around doors and windows.
• What is the significance of thermal conductivity in materials?

  Thermal conductivity measures how quickly energy is transferred between particles in a material.
• How does air gap insulation work?

  Air gaps reduce energy transfer by conduction and convection, acting as a barrier to heat flow.
• What is the relationship between energy efficiency and waste energy?

  Higher efficiency means less energy is wasted during transfers.
• How can energy transfers be reduced in systems?

  Energy transfers can be reduced by minimizing friction and using better insulating materials.
• What is the importance of understanding energy stores in physics?

  Understanding energy stores is crucial for analyzing energy transfers and efficiency in physical systems.
• What is one method to reduce energy transfer by convection?

  Using insulation materials like cavity wall insulation