MOD 2 LAB

• Who prepared the module for Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology (Lab) at the University of San Agustin?

  Miriam Nica Grace Nuñez and Melissa June Ariego
• What is the focus of Module 2 in the Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology (Lab)?

  • Microbial Morphology
• What is the first step in observing prepared slides in the lab?

  Set aside the prepared slides one by one starting with Staphylococcus aureus
• What should be done after placing one drop of oil for immersion objectives on the cover slip?

  Move the stage upward and start viewing
• Why should you not move back to the HPO after the oil has come in contact with the OIO?

  To avoid damaging the objective lens
• What should be done after completing the procedures for bacteria and fungi?

  • Clean the prepared slides and objectives using Kimwipes and 95% ethyl alcohol.
• What is the first step in observing viruses in the lab?

  Obtain charts, film slide, or figures from reference books
• What should be emphasized when drawing the basic structure of a virus?

  Nucleocapsid, genome, capsid, capsomeres, and spikes
• What is the first step in examining prepared slides of algae?

  Examine prepared slides under LPO and HPO
• What are the four main categories of microorganisms discussed in the lab?

  Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and algae
• What defines bacteria as single-celled microorganisms?

  They lack a nuclear membrane, are metabolically active, and divide by binary fission
• How do bacteria divide?

  By binary fission
• What is contained in the control centers of bacteria?

  A single loop of DNA
• What are plasmids in bacteria?

  Small DNA molecules that can provide advantages to the bacterium
• What are the three major phenotypic categories of bacteria?

  • Gram-negative with cell wall
  • Gram-positive with cell wall
  • Without cell wall
• What are the three basic categories of bacteria based on shape?

  • Cocci (spherical)
  • Bacilli (rod-shaped)
  • Spirilla (helical)
• What does bacterial movement refer to?

  Self-propelled movement of bacteria, also known as motility
• What are the types of bacterial movement?

  Run/swim, tumbles, and swarm
• What is a "run" in bacterial movement?

  When a bacterium moves in one direction
• What are "tumbles" in bacterial movement?

  Periodic, abrupt, random changes in direction caused by a reversal of flagellar rotation
• What does "swarm" refer to in bacterial movement?

  Rapid, wave-like movement across a solid culture medium
• What is Staphylococcus aureus classified as?

  A Gram-positive bacterium that is cocci-shaped
• What is the significance of Staphylococcus aureus's yellow-pigmented colonies?

  It is named for its yellow-pigmented colonies (Au)
• Where does Staphylococcus aureus primarily colonize?

  The anterior nares of the nose
• What are some infections commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus?

  Abscess, cellulitis, impetigo, and folliculitis
• What is Streptococcus pyogenes also known as?

  Group A Streptococcus (GAS)
• What is the typical arrangement of Streptococcus pyogenes?

  Typically appears in chains
• What is a critical step in the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pyogenes?

  Bacterial adherence leading to mucosal or skin surface colonization
• What are some diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?

  Scarlet fever, necrotizing fasciitis, erysipelas, and streptococcal TSS
• What is Bacillus subtilis classified as?

  A fast-growing, Gram-positive, aerobic bacterium
• What is the pathogenicity of Bacillus subtilis?

  Non-pathogenic to humans but can cause secondary nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients
• What is Clostridium perfringens classified as?

  Anaerobic, Gram-positive spore-forming bacillus
• What is a common cause of food poisoning?

  Clostridium perfringens
• What is Spirillum volutans classified as?

  A Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Spirillum
• What is Vibrio coma classified as?

  A Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe and comma-shaped bacterium
• What is mycology?


  • The study of fungi
• What are the uses of fungi?

  • Food production
  • Production of drugs
• What type of organisms are fungi?

  Eukaryotic organisms
• What do the cell walls of fungi contain?

  Chitin
• How do the cell walls of different organisms compare?

  • Animals: lack cell walls
  • Plants: contain cellulose
  • Bacteria: contain peptidoglycan
  • Fungi: contain chitin