Electricity

• What is a fixed resistor?

  A resistor that limits the flow of current and cannot change its resistance.
• What is a variable resistor?

  A resistor with a slider that can be used to change its resistance.
• How does a thermistor function?

  Its resistance depends on temperature.
• What is a light-dependent resistor (LDR)?


  A resistor that depends on light intensity.
• What is the function of a diode?

  A diode allows current to flow in one direction only and may convert AC to DC.
• What is a light-emitting diode (LED)?

  It is the same as a diode but emits light when current passes through.
• What does an ammeter measure?

  An ammeter measures current and is always connected in series.
• What does a voltmeter measure?

  A voltmeter measures potential difference and is always connected in parallel to the component.
• In which direction does current flow in relation to the power supply terminals?

  The direction of current flow is always positive to the negative terminal of the power supply.
• What are the components mentioned in the study material related to electricity?


  • Fixed resistor
  • Variable resistor
  • Thermistor
  • Light-dependent resistor (LDR)
  • Diode
  • Light-emitting diode (LED)
  • Ammeter
  • Voltmeter
  • Fuse
  • Lamp
  • Resistor
  • Single cell battery
  • Open switch
  • Closed switch
• What are the positive and negative terminals of a battery?

  The ends of a battery are referred to as positive and negative terminals.
• What is the force that drives the flow of electrons in a circuit?

  Potential difference
• What provides the potential difference in a circuit?

  A cell or battery
• How is potential difference measured?

  volts (V)
• What does current measure in a circuit?


  The flow of electrons
• How is current measured?

  In amperes (A)
• What opposes the flow of electrons in a circuit?

  Resistance
• How is resistance measured?

  In ohms (Ω)
• What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance?

  Voltage equals current times resistance (V = IR)
• What happens to resistance when the temperature increases in a filament lamp?

  Resistance increases
• What is the direction of current flow in a circuit?

  From positive to negative
• What is the relationship between current and resistance in a circuit?

  Current is directly proportional to resistance (I = V/R)
• What does charge measure in a circuit?

  The total current that flows within a certain period of time
• How is charge measured?

  In coulombs (C)
• What is the formula to calculate current from charge and time?

  I = Q/t
• How does the current behave in a series circuit?

  The current is the same everywhere in the circuit
• What is the significance of Ohm's Law in electrical circuits?

  It relates voltage, current, and resistance
• What is the potential difference in a parallel circuit?

  The potential difference is the same across each component and equal to the potential difference leaving the battery.
• How is the total potential difference in a parallel circuit calculated?

  The total potential difference is the amount of the potential differences across each component.
• What happens to the current in a parallel circuit with multiple loops?

  The amount of current is shared across each loop but is not always equal in each loop.
• Why do loops with resistive components take a lower share of the current in a parallel circuit?

  Because they have higher resistance, which reduces the amount of current they draw.
• How is the total current in a parallel circuit calculated?

  The total current is the sum of the currents through each loop.
• What effect does adding more components in a parallel circuit have on total resistance?

  Adding more components in a parallel circuit decreases the total resistance.
• What are the types of components mentioned in the study material related to circuits?

  • Cell
  • Switches (open and closed)
  • Filament lamp
  • Battery
  • Thermistor
  • Light-dependent resistor
• How does a thermistor behave with temperature changes?

  A thermistor has more resistance when the temperature is low.
• How does a light-dependent resistor (LDR) behave in different light conditions?

  An LDR has higher resistance when it is dark.
• What is an example of where a light-dependent resistor might be used?

  In automatic night-lights to turn on in darkness.
• What does a diode do in an electrical circuit?

  A diode only allows current to flow in one direction
• What is the function of a filament lamp?

  A filament lamp produces light when current flows through it
• How is current measured in a circuit?

  Current is measured using an ammeter connected in series