Exercise

• What happens to the human body during exercise in response to increased energy demand?

  The heart rate, breathing rate, and breath volume increase.
• Why do heart rate, breathing rate, and breath volume increase during exercise?

  To supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood.
• What occurs if insufficient oxygen is supplied to the muscles during exercise?

  Anaerobic respiration takes place in the muscles.
• What is the consequence of the incomplete oxidation of glucose during anaerobic respiration?

  It causes a build-up of lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt.
• What happens to muscles during long periods of vigorous activity?

  Muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently.
• Where is lactic acid transported after being produced in the muscles?

  To the liver.
• What happens to lactic acid in the liver?

  It is converted back into glucose.
• What is metabolism?

  The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.
• How is energy from cell respiration used in the body?

  To make new molecules.
• What are some products of the conversion of glucose in metabolism?

  Cellulose, glycogen, or starch.
• What is formed from the combination of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule?

  Lipid molecules.
• What is created from glucose and nitrate ions in metabolism?

  Amino acids.
• How are amino acids related to proteins in the body?

  Amino acids are combined together to make proteins.
• What does metabolism include regarding larger molecules?

  Reactions where larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones.
• What is one of the reactions involved in the breakdown of excess protein?

  It leaves the body in urine as urea.