Chapter 11

• How do transport systems impact the environment in cities?

  Transport systems impact the environment through changes to the physical environment and increased carbon footprint.
• What are some changes to the physical environment caused by transport systems?

  Changes include clearing of natural vegetation and modification of landforms.
• What is one consequence of increased carbon footprint from transport systems?

  Increased carbon footprint leads to a higher concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
• How do transport systems impact people in cities?

  Transport systems improve mobility for different groups of people but also contribute to traffic congestion and health risks.
• Who benefits from improved mobility due to transport systems?

  Different groups of people, including the elderly and persons with disabilities, benefit from improved mobility.
• What are some health risks associated with transport systems in cities?

  Health risks include air pollution and noise pollution.
• What safety risks are associated with transport systems in cities?

  Safety risks include accidents, crime risks, and terrorism.
• What are some strategies for sustainably managing transport systems?

  Strategies include laws and policies on transport, integrated land-use and transport planning, and provision of mobility options.
• What is an example of integrated land-use and transport planning?

  Terminals that serve as multi-purpose hubs are an example of integrated land-use and transport planning.
• What is the purpose of research and development in transport systems?

  Research and development aim to create mobile applications for navigation and develop electric vehicles (EVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs).
• What is the Eco-link@BKE?

  The Eco-link@BKE is a wildlife overpass that connects Bukit Timah Nature Reserve with the Central Catchment Nature Reserve.
• Why was the Bukit Timah Expressway (BKE) built?

  The BKE was built to provide a direct route from Bukit Timah to the north of Singapore and to cut down travelling time for motorists.
• How did the construction of the BKE impact the flora and fauna of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve?

  The construction threatened the survival of some endangered forest species in Singapore.
• How can we reduce carbon footprints?

  We can reduce carbon footprints by reducing waste, eating local vegetables, driving less, and turning off electronic devices when not in use.
• What is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

  The enhanced greenhouse effect occurs due to excessive concentration of greenhouse gases from human activities, leading to global warming.
• What is the relationship between transport activities and energy use?

  All transport activities use some form of energy, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.
• How do car engines contribute to greenhouse gas emissions?

  Car engines powered by fossil fuels emit carbon dioxide when carbon combines with oxygen during combustion.
• What are some ways to reduce carbon footprints in daily life?

  Ways include reducing waste, eating local, driving less, and turning off appliances when not in use.
• What are the three main impacts of transport systems on the physical environment?

  Flora and fauna, alteration of the landscape, and increased carbon footprint
• How do transport systems improve mobility for people in cities?

  They enhance the ability of people and freight to move from place to place
• What factors can limit the mobility of different groups of people?

  Physical capabilities and health-related conditions
• Why is mobility important for individuals in cities?

  It allows access to goods, services, education, and social interactions
• What are the specific mobility needs of elderly and disabled individuals in communities?

  • Longer pedestrian crossing times
  • Wider pedestrian lanes for wheelchair users
  • Visual or audio assistance for the visually impaired and deaf
  • More support railings for safety
  • Buttons at lower heights for young children
• What is an example of an initiative that supports age-friendly and barrier-free transport systems?

  Tactile indicators and lifts in train stations in Singapore
• What are Silver Zones in Singapore?

  Areas with enhanced road safety features for the elderly
• What will students learn about transport systems?

  Students will learn to describe impacts on the environment and people, explain strategies for sustainable management, and evaluate these strategies.
• What are the key strategies for sustainably managing transport systems?

  • Laws and policies on transport
  • Integrated land-use and transport planning
  • Provision of a range of mobility options
  • Research and development in transport
• What is one example of a law or policy on transport for sustainable management?

  Road safety campaigns to raise awareness among road users.
• What are the three considerations for establishing Silver Zones?

  1. High proportion of senior residents
  2. High accident rates involving senior pedestrians
  3. Close proximity to amenities frequented by seniors
• What is the purpose of car-lite policies?

  To reduce car usage and encourage public transport and active mobility.
• How does constraining vehicle ownership help in sustainable transport management?

  It limits vehicle growth and encourages the use of public transport.
• What is road pricing and its benefit?

  Drivers are charged a premium for using certain roads, reducing congestion.
• What is the purpose of the two-stage crossing in Silver Zones?

  To allow senior pedestrians to rest in the middle of a crossing
• What is a drawback of road pricing?

  Traffic may be diverted to other roads, necessitating regulations on vehicle usage.
• What causes traffic congestion in cities?

  When road usage approaches or exceeds road capacity
• What does integrated land use and transport planning involve?

  It involves planning where and how land should be used to shape travel demand.
• During which times is traffic congestion most likely to occur?

  During morning or evening peak periods
• How can business parks be strategically located to reduce commuting distance?

  By planning them near residential areas.
• What is the goal of transport planning?

  To ensure safe, affordable, convenient, and environmentally friendly movement of people and goods.
• What are the consequences of traffic congestion?

  • Longer traveling times
  • Increased frustration and anger among drivers
  • Loss of concentration
  • Increased carbon footprint and worsened air quality