the civilizations of ghana and mali

• What was the first civilization to emerge in West Africa?

  The Kingdom of Ghana
• What significant innovation did Ghana introduce that facilitated desert crossing?

  The dromedary
• What were the main trade goods that enriched Ghana?

  Salt, gold, ivory, Kola nuts, and animal hides
• Who founded the Mali civilization?

  The Malinke
• In which century did Mali replace Ghana as a dominant civilization?

  The eleventh century
• What was the primary source of wealth for the Mali civilization?

  Gold production and trade