Tema cinco

• What are the main reasons that separatists fight for?


  To defend their history, preserve their customs, and promote their valued language.
• How do pro-independence individuals often feel towards their government?


  They feel oppressed and marginalized.
• What political model do some separatists believe is still influenced by Franquism?


  The political model that came from the Spanish transition to democracy.
• What was the turnout percentage for the Catalonian referendum in 2017?


  43%
• What was declared illegal by Spain's constitutional court during the Catalonian referendum?


  The anti-constitutional referendum itself.
• On what date did the separatist majority in the Catalan parliament declare independence?


  27 October.
• What action did the Spanish government take after the declaration of independence by the Catalan parliament?


  They dissolved the parliament and called a snap election.
• Who is Carles Puigdemont and what happened to him after the referendum?


  He is a leader who left Spain afraid of the consequences and is in exile in Belgium.
• What does ETA stand for?


  Euskadi Ta Askatasuna.
• What was ETA's main objective?


  To establish a socialist state independent of Spain and France.
• How did ETA begin its activities?


  It started with a group of engineering students discussing Basque nationalism.
• How many people did ETA murder until 2018?


  More than 850 people.
• Which communities in Spain have expressed dissatisfaction with the current model?

  Andalusia, Galicia, Valencia, the Balearic and Canary Islands.
• What has the current socialist government done regarding nationalist parties?


  It has reached an agreement with nationalist Basque and Catalonian parties.
• What has been a decisive element for democratic consolidation in Spain?


  The configuration of the State of Autonomies established by the Constitution.
• What does each community in Spain aim to develop?


  Their own identity and preserve their tradition.
• How many official languages does Spain recognize since the recovery of democracy in 1978?


  Four official languages.
• What are the four official languages recognized in Spain?

  Spanish, Galician, Basque, and Catalan.
• What dialects can be found within the official languages of Spain?


  Andalusian, Valencian, and Mallorquin.
• What has caused some dialects to die out in Spain?


  The modernization of communications and the ageing of the rural population.
• What is an example of a dialect that has died out in Extremadura?


  Castúo.
• What is the origin of the Basque language?


  Its origin remains unknown, but it dates back to the Prehistoric period.
• How did the Basque Country resist the Roman Empire's colonization?


  By maintaining its language and culture despite the Roman influence.
• What was the impact of the Visigoth colonization on the Latin language?


  It evolved into Castilian.
• What influence is more noticeable in the southern dialects of Spain?


  The influence of Arabic.
• What actions did the national government take after Franco's death regarding regional cultures?


  It fostered every regional community culture and folklore.
• What is the Real Academia Española (RAE)?


  A cultural institution dedicated to linguistic regularization.
• What does the Fundéu foundation do?


  It advises about the correct use of the Spanish language.
• How has the interest in independence changed in recent years?


  It has decreased due to plans that help maintain regional identity.
• What are the key elements of the Spanish identity related to regional communities?


  • Defense of history and customs
  • Promotion of valued languages
  • Desire for greater autonomy or independence
  • Recognition of multiple official languages
  • Support for regional cultures and identities