QUIZ DNA BIOLOGY

• CHROMOSOMES

  • Are carriers of genes, the unit determiners of hereditary characteristics
  • it is located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
• histones

  • Each chromosomes winds around many structural proteins called
  • Shaped like a ball
  • genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid or dna coiled around it.
• dna

  A) sugar

  B) macro-molecule

  
• macro-molecule

  • stores the genetic material
• DNA Molecule

  • is a long, coiled structure that carries the genetic instructions on how living things would grow and develop.
• GENES

  • responsible for the physical and heritable characteristics of organisms
• DNA is in every cell of every living thing. It is found within the chromosomes of the cell.
• The term chromosome came from the Greek word chroma which means color, and soma mean body.
• nucleoid

  • The chromosomes is a circular dna molecule found in the area in the cytoplasm called
• chromatins

  • the single linear strands of chromosomes are tightly packed and condensed in the nucleus into discrete structures called
• The double-stranded chromosomes are called sister chromatids
• The double-stranded chromosomes/sister chromatids

  • appear as coiled x-shaped structure joint together at certain point by a centromere
• Centromere

  • a pinched area in the pair of chromatids that divides the chromatids into sections called “arms”
• Short arm – p arm
• LONG ARM – q arm
• TYPES OF CHROMOSOMES

  • METACENTRIC CHROMOSOMES
  • SUBMETACENTRIC CHROMOSOMES
  • TELOCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES
  • ACROCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES
• TYPES OF CHROMOSOMES

  A) telocentric

  B) acrocentric

  C) submetacentric

  D) metacentric

  
• METACENTRIC CHROMOSOMES

  • The centromere is located exactly in the center such that both sections are in equal length.
• SUBMETACENTRIC CHROMOSOMES

  • THE CENTROMERE IS SLIGHTLY OFFSET FROM THE CENTER, RESULTING IN THE TWO SECTIONS BEING SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT LENGHTS.
• TELOCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES

  • THE CENTROMERE IS LOCATED AT THE very end of the chromosome, resulting in a v-SHAPE WITH TWO EQUAL ARMS
  • Found in spieces like mice but not humans
• ACROCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES

  • THE CENTROMERE IS LOCATED A DISTANCE AWAY FROM THE CENTER. RESULTING TWO SECTIONS OF VERY DIFFERENT LENGTH.
• Homologous Chromosome

  • Matching pairs of chromosomes
• diploid number

  • The number of chromosomes present in the body cells
• In the human body there are a total of 46 chromosomes
• Karyotype

  • an actual picture of the chromosomes from one cell that has been stained and magnified 1,000x.
• THE CHROMOSOMES ARE STUDIED AND ANALYZED BY SPECIALLY TRAINED CYTOGENETICISTS.
• CYTOGENETICS

  • STUDY OF CHROMOSOMES
• AUTOSOMES

  • contain the same pair of genes but code for different characteristics since one was inherited from the mother and one from the father.
• The last pair is the sex chromosomes, also called gonosomes, that differ between males and females
• FEMALES

  • two copies of x chromosomes (xx), referred as homogametic sex chromosomes
• Males

  • one x chromosome and other is one y chromosome (xy), referred as heterogametic sex chromosomes
• Deploid

  • term that refers to the presence of two complete chromosomes in an organism
• Gametes

  • egg cell and sperm cell
• Meiosis

  • a process where a single cell devides twice to produce four cells
• meaning of DNA

  deoxyribonucleic acid