ethics

• WHEN IS THERE AN ETHICAL ISSUE IN PSYCHOLOGY

  when there is a conflict or dilemma between two positions, points of view, or between the participant vs resarcher
• WHAT ARE THE ETHICAL GUIDE LINES

  informed consent, deception, protection from harm, right to withdraw, confidentiality and privacy
• WHAT IS THE MNEMONIC FOR ETHICAL GUIDE LINES AND WHAT DO THEY STAND FOR

  CAN (consent) DO (deception) CAN'T (confidentiality/privacy) DO (debrief) WITH (withdraw) PARTICIPATION (protection)
• INFORMED CONSENT - WHAT DO PARTICIPANTS HAVE THE RIGHT TO BE INFORMED ABOUT


  aims, procedures, their rights and what the data will be used for
• INFORMED CONSENT - WHAT IS A NEGATIVE ABOUT INFORMED CONSENT FOR RESEARCHERS


  if the informed consent means telling the participant the experiment it can provide the researcher with biased and invalid data
• DECEPTION - WHAT CAN DECEPTION MEAN FOR PARTICIPANTS

  it can prevent participants getting informed consent and can be unethical as they are not 100% sure what is happening
• DECEPTION - IN WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES IS DECEPTION ACCEPTABLE

  it is acceptable if you are withholding information for research purposes
• DECEPTION - WHEN IS IT NOT ACCEPTABLE

  if you are deliberately misleading the participants
• DECEPTION - WHY IS DECEPTION SOMETIMES NECESSARY

  because deception can allow a way to get valid results
• PROTECTION FROM HARM - WHAT DOES THIS MEAN

  it means that participants should not have psychological or physical harm happen to them throughout an experiment
• PROTECTION FROM HARM - WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL HARM

  embarrassment, inadequacy, stress or pressure
• PROTECTION FROM HARM - WHY CAN THIS SOMETIMES NOT BE HELPED BY THE RESEARCHER


  it is difficult to predict the outcome sometimes and unable to know what will happen
• RIGHT TO WITHDRAW - WHAT IS THIS

  a participant should be able to withdraw themselves and their data at any point in the research if uncomfortable
• RIGHT TO WITHDRAW - HOW CAN THIS NEGATIVELY AFFECT A PIECE OF RESEARCH


  it can cause biased results if participants leave in the middle or end of a study
• WHAT IS ATTRITION RATE


  the rate at which people drop out of research
• RIGHT TO ANONYMITY - WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT

  incase a participant doesn't want to be identified as taking part in the study
• RIGHT TO ANONYMITY - HOW CAN THIS PROVE TO BE DIFFICULT FOR RESEARCHERS

  it can be difficult to protect, especially when reports are published
• PRIVACY - WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR PARTICIPANTS

  they have the right to no invasion of privacy, they do not expect to be observed in certain situations
• PRIVACY - HOW MAY PRIVACY PROVE TO BE DIFFICULT


  some people may consider different things from each other to be private so it can be difficult for researchers to come up with a definition for privacy