Bioengenetics

• What is the process of respiration in living organisms?

  It is the release of energy from glucose.
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen.
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  The equation is glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy.
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Anaerobic respiration is the release of energy from glucose without oxygen.
• What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  The equation is glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy.
• What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

  Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
• Where are enzymes produced?

  Enzymes are produced in various organs such as the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine.
• What factors can affect enzyme activity?

  Temperature and pH can affect enzyme activity.
• What happens to enzyme activity as temperature increases?

  Enzyme activity increases until it reaches an optimal temperature, after which it decreases.
• What is the lock and key theory of enzyme action?

  The lock and key theory states that enzymes are specific for a particular substrate that fits into their active site.
• What is the role of amylase?

  Amylase breaks down starch into glucose.
• Where is lipase produced?

  Lipase is produced in the pancreas.
• What is the role of protease?


  Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.
• How does bile affect digestion?

  Bile neutralizes stomach acid and provides an alkaline environment for enzymes to work effectively.
• What effect does stomach acid have on digestion?

  Stomach acid helps to break down food and provides an acidic environment for enzymes.
• Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

  Heart rate increases to supply more oxygen to muscles for energy production.
• What is metabolism?

  Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the body.
• What are three examples of metabolic processes?

  • Respiration
  • Photosynthesis
  • Converting glucose to glycogen
• What is active transport?

  Active transport is the movement of substances from a low to a high concentration using energy.
• What is osmosis?

  Osmosis is the movement of water from a high to a low water concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
• What happens to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?

  A plant cell will lose water and become plasmolyzed in a hypertonic solution.
• How would you find the solute concentration of plant tissue?

  By measuring the change in mass of the tissue when placed in different concentrations of solutions.
• Why would you measure the change in mass of potato chips in a practical experiment?

  To determine the concentration of the solution based on the mass change.
• What are two reasons for the importance of the practical (potato chips) experiment?

  Starting mass could vary, and it allows for comparisons between different samples.
• What could affect the mass change of potato chips in a solution?


  Water evaporation could change the concentration of the solution.