The Brain

• Phinneas Gage is a case study who had a metal rod driven through his prefrontal cortex and had a dramatic personality change
• The Cerebral Cortex is made up of the Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe, Temporal lobe, and Occipital lobe
• The Frontal Lobe controls thought, planning, motivation, and speech production
• The Parietal lobe controls sensory processing e.g touch & movement
• The Temporal lobe controls language comprehension ,hearing, memory, and heart rate, blood pressure & breathing
• The Occipital lobe controls visual processing
• The Cerebellum helps to coordinate balance & fine muscle movements
• The Diencephalon is made up of the Thalamus & Hypothalamus
• The Thalamus relays sensory information from the brainstem to the cortex
• The Hypothalamus controls basic functions e.g hunger, thirst, sleep, sex, and also controls the pituitary gland
• The Cerebral Hemispheres are the Limbic System, Basal Ganglia, and Neocortex
• The Limbic System controls learning, memory, and emotions
• The Basal Ganglia controls motor activities & movement
• The Neocortex controls planning, problem solving, language, consciousness, and personality
• The Spinal cord is an extension of the brain responsible for reflex actions and monitors processes e.g breathing
• The Hindbrain is the continuation of the spinal cord that carries on into the brain stem e.g medulla, cerebellum
• Broca's is an area of the frontal lobe that control language production
• Wernicke's is an area of the temporal lobe that control language comprehension
• The Somato-sensory area is located in the parietal lobe and is responsible for processing sensations
• The Temporal lobe contains the auditory area