Topic 1

• What is the first stage of the systems life cycle?

  Planning
• What is the purpose of the planning stage in the systems life cycle?

  To outline the requirements of the application.
• What are the major stages of the systems life cycle?

  1. Planning
  2. Requirement analysis
  3. Design
  4. Implementation
  5. Test
  6. Deployment
  7. Maintenance
• What is involved in the requirement analysis stage?


  Defining each outline requirement and providing more detailed planning.
• What is an example of a requirement in the requirement analysis stage?


  Username input field
• What does the design stage of the systems life cycle involve?

  Planning the product based on all requirements, including business rules and programming languages.
• What is the main activity during the implementation stage?

  Coding phase and setting up physical hardware.
• What is the purpose of the testing stage in the systems life cycle?

  To validate that all requirements are met and to find bugs or critical issues.
• What happens during the deployment stage?

  Preparing the system for production and installing new hardware.
• What is the focus of the maintenance stage?

  Monitoring the load and stress on the system to prevent downtime.
• Why is the systems life cycle model used when implementing a new system?

  It allows for detailed processes to find mistakes early in the implementation.
• What organizational factors must be considered when installing a new system?

  The staff skills on the job and off the job.
• What does change management refer to?

  The process of managing changes in an organization.
• What methods are used to understand the context of a new system?

  • Technically feasible
  • Economically feasible
  • Legally feasible
  • Ethically feasible
  • Operationally feasible
• What does SaaS stand for?


  Software as a Service
• What is one benefit of using SaaS?

  It is cost-effective and can result in significant savings.
• What is one limitation of SaaS?


  Loss of control due to vendor management.
• What are the four main types of implementation methods?

  1. Parallel running
  2. Pilot running
  3. Direct changeover
  4. Phased conversion
• What is parallel running?

  Running a new system alongside the old system.
• What is a drawback of pilot running?

  There is no backup if the new system fails for the pilot group.
• What is a risk associated with direct changeover?


  If the new system fails, there is no fallback.
• What is phased conversion?


  Introducing new systems in phases until the old system is completely replaced.
• What is a legacy system?

  An old method or technology that may no longer be supported.
• What are potential compatibility issues during a company merger?


  Language differences, time zone differences, and workforce cultural differences.
• What is data migration?

  Moving data from one system to another.
• What are potential problems during data migration?

  • Incompatible file formats
  • Data structure differences
  • Validation rules
  • Incomplete data transfers
• What is user acceptance testing?

  Testing a new system with its end users to see if it meets their expectations.
• What are two main reasons for data loss?

  Malicious and non-malicious reasons.
• What are some causes of data loss?

  • Cyber attacks
  • Human error
  • Malware
  • Data corruption
  • Viruses
  • Hardware failure
  • Software failure
• What are the consequences of data loss for businesses?

  • Loss of money
  • Loss of customer trust
  • Legal repercussions
  • Operational disruptions
• What methods can be used to prevent data loss?

  • Backup of all data (RAID)
  • Secure server room
  • Latest antivirus
  • Cloud storage
  • Encryption of data
• What is one method that can be used to prevent data loss in a bank?

  Backup of all data (RAID)
• What is a secure server room used for?

  To protect data and hardware from unauthorized access
• Why is the latest antivirus important for preventing data loss?

  It protects systems from malware and viruses that can corrupt data
• What does sharding refer to in data management?

  Dividing a database into smaller, more manageable pieces
• What is the purpose of failover systems?

  To ensure continuous operation by switching to a backup system in case of failure
• What is the role of encryption in data loss prevention?

  To secure data by converting it into a coded format
• How does cloud storage help in preventing data loss?

  It provides off-site storage that is accessible from anywhere, reducing the risk of local data loss
• What is the function of CCTV in data loss prevention?

  To monitor and record activities in sensitive areas to deter unauthorized access
• Define hardware in the context of computer systems.

  Physical components of a computer or other electronic system