rome battle of activum

• Octavian


  Gaius Octavius, Caesar's heir, skilled politician, and military leader
• Praetor


  Roman official responsible for administering justice
• College of Pontiffs


  Religious college in ancient Rome overseeing Roman religious practices
• Triumph


  A celebratory procession in ancient Rome for victorious generals
• Adopted


  Formally taken as a legal heir by another person
• Triumvirate


  Political alliance of three officials or rulers
• Consuls


  Highest elected office in the Roman Republic
• Caesarians


  Supporters of Julius Caesar
• Proscriptions


  Official public lists of enemies of the state subject to execution
• Confiscations


  Seizure of property by the state
• Philippi


  Site of the battle where Brutus and Cassius were defeated in 42 BC
• Sextus Pompeius


  Son of Pompey the Great, who opposed Octavian
• Antony


  Roman leader who allied with Cleopatra, defeated by Octavian at Actium
• Triumvirs


  Octavian and Antony, with Lepidus initially, shared power in Rome
• Lepidus


  Triumvir eliminated in 36 BC, leaving Octavian and Antony in power
• Cleopatra


  Egyptian queen allied with Antony, committed suicide after the Battle of Actium
• Illyricum


  Region where Octavian focused on campaigns and reorganization
• Parthian frontier


  Area where Antony particularly focused his campaigns
• Actium


  Location of the naval battle where Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra
• Mare Nostrum


  Latin for 'Our Sea,' the Roman Mediterranean controlled by Octavian
• Augustus Caesar


  Title adopted by Octavian after his victory at Actium, signifying his rule
• Hellenistic king


  Accusation against Antony by Octavian, implying he prioritized Greek culture over Roman interests
• Quinqueremes


  Ships designed for head-on ramming tactics, used by Antony in the Battle of Actium
• Caesarion


  Son of Cleopatra and Julius Caesar, killed by Octavian after Cleopatra's death
• Ptolemaic Kingdom


  Dynasty ruling Egypt before Cleopatra's death marked its final demise
• Roman Republic


  Political system of Rome before Octavian's victory at Actium transitioned it to an Empire
• Ambracian Gulf


  Coastal area near Actium where the Battle of Actium took place
• Quintus Dellius


  Antony's envoy who negotiated with Cleopatra, leading to their alliance
• Greece


  Location where Octavian crossed into to attack Antony, leading to the Battle of Actium
• Samos


  Island where Octavian spent the winter after the Battle of Actium
• Brundisium

  City where Octavian settled a mutiny and arranged land assignations after the Battle of Actium
• Cornelius Gallus


  Commander who defeated Antony at Pelusium after the Battle of Actium
• Epaphroditus


  Guard of Cleopatra who allowed her to commit suicide after Antony's defeat
• Republic to Empire


  Transition marked by Octavian's victory at Actium, consolidating power as Augustus Caesar