John’s excommunication

• As the interdict did not have the impact needed, on 8th November 1209, John was excommunicated so all Christians were no longer obliged to obey him
• More of John’s bishops left England and his barons were discontented
• Most barons stayed loyal to John out of fear he would take their wealth and land away from them and were angry about the position he put them in
• It is estimated that John gained £13,500 a year from confiscated Church property and vacant bishoprics