group 2

• What is the electron configuration ending for group 2 elements?

  It ends in S2
• What ions do group 2 elements form when they react?

  Plus two ions
• How does the atomic radius change as you move down group 2?

  The atomic radius increases
• Why does the first ionization energy decrease as you go down group 2?

  Because of increased shielding and distance from the nucleus
• What happens to the number of protons as you go down group 2?

  The number of protons increases
• What is the relationship between the size of the metal ion and melting points in group 2?

  Melting points generally decrease as the size of the metal ion increases
• Why does magnesium have an exception in melting points compared to other group 2 metals?

  Due to some structural arrangement of magnesium
• What do group 2 metals form when they react with water?

  They form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas
• How does reactivity change as you go down group 2?

  Reactivity increases
• What is produced when magnesium reacts with steam?

  Magnesium oxide
• How does solubility of group 2 hydroxides and sulfates change as you go down the group?

  Hydroxides become more soluble, sulfates become less soluble
• What is the test for sulfates using barium chloride?

  A white precipitate indicates the presence of sulfates
• Why is hydrochloric acid added before barium chloride in the sulfate test?

  To remove any carbonates that could give a false positive
• How can group 2 compounds be used to neutralize acidic soils?

  Calcium hydroxide can be sprayed to neutralize acidic soils
• What is magnesium hydroxide commonly used for?

  As an antacid to neutralize excess stomach acid
• Why is barium sulfate used in medical imaging?

  It helps identify problems in the digestive tract by absorbing x-rays
• Why is barium sulfate safe to ingest despite being toxic?

  Because it is insoluble and does not get absorbed into the blood
• What is the process for extracting titanium using magnesium?

  Magnesium reduces titanium chloride to produce pure titanium
• How does calcium carbonate help in removing sulfur dioxide emissions?

  It neutralizes acidic gases produced from burning fossil fuels
• What is wet scrubbing in the context of sulfur dioxide removal?

  It is a method of spraying a solution to neutralize acidic gases
• What is produced when calcium carbonate reacts with sulfur dioxide?

  Calcium sulfate, water, and carbon dioxide
• What is a practical use of calcium sulfate produced from the reaction of calcium carbonate and sulfur dioxide?

  It can be used to make plasterboards
• What are the key properties and trends of group 2 alkaline earth metals?

  • Form plus two ions
  • Atomic radius increases down the group
  • First ionization energy decreases down the group due to shielding
  • Melting points generally decrease down the group, with an exception for magnesium
  • React with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas
  • Reactivity increases down the group
  • Hydroxides become more soluble, sulfates become less soluble down the group
• What are the applications of group 2 compounds in real life?

  • Calcium hydroxide neutralizes acidic soils
  • Magnesium hydroxide is used as an antacid
  • Barium sulfate is used in medical imaging
  • Calcium carbonate and oxide are used to remove sulfur dioxide emissions