APUSH - Period 2

• What were the different economic and imperial goals of Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonizers?

  • Spanish: Set up plantations, expand land, spread Catholicism.
  • French/Dutch: Trade with Native Americans, fur trade monopoly, mercantilism.
  • British: Economic opportunities for the poor, religious freedom, extract resources.
• What was the primary goal of Spanish colonizers in the Caribbean?

  To set up large plantations to produce cash crops for export to Europe.
• How did the Spanish colonial development change regarding labor sources?

  They stopped using the encomienda system and began using enslaved Africans on plantations.
• What was the outcome of the Pueblo revolt against Spanish colonizers?

  The Spaniards were outnumbered and exiled for 12 years, leading to greater religious tolerance upon their return.
• What was the primary goal of French and Dutch colonizers in North America?

  To establish a fur trade monopoly and trade with Native Americans.
• What was the significance of Quebec in French colonial development?

  Quebec, founded in 1608, was the first permanent French settlement in North America.
• What was the role of the Dutch West India Company in New Amsterdam?

  The Dutch West India Company controlled the colony for economic and trading purposes.
• How did British colonization differ from Spanish and French colonization in terms of governance?

  British colonies had varying degrees of representative government, while Spanish and French colonies did not.
• What was a major cash crop cultivated in the British colonies?

  Tobacco.
• What was the headright system used in the British colonies?

  The headright system was used to bring indentured servants from England to work on plantations.
• What were the demographic characteristics of the Chesapeake colonies?

  They had a sharp divide between rich plantation owners and poor indentured servants.
• What was the primary religion followed in the Chesapeake colonies?

  The Anglican Church.
• How did the New England colonies differ from the Chesapeake colonies in terms of agriculture?

  New England colonies produced just enough food for their families, while Chesapeake colonies cultivated cash crops like tobacco.
• What was the Great Migration in the context of New England?

  14,000 Puritans migrated from England to the Americas in the 1630s.
• What was the significance of Quakerism in the Middle colonies?

  Quakerism promoted the idea that all people are equal and extended religious tolerance to all.
• How did the Southern colonies' economy rely on slavery?

  Southern colonies had plantations that required intensive labor, leading to the importation of enslaved Africans.
• What was the outcome of the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina?

  It resulted in the passing of a new slave code in 1740 that imposed limits on enslaved people's behaviors.
• What was the impact of the Navigation Acts on colonial trade?

  The Navigation Acts aimed to control trade terms between Britain and its colonies, allowing the British crown to reap customs duties.
• How did the Enlightenment influence the American colonies?

  It introduced ideas about government accountability and citizens' rights, laying the groundwork for the American Revolution.
• Who was a prominent figure in the Great Awakening?

  George Whitefield.
• What was the cultural impact of the Great Awakening on American colonists?

  It encouraged emotional expressions in religious services and led to a sense of shared experience among colonists.
• How did the competition for resources lead to conflict in the Americas?

  Competition over hunting grounds and trade relationships often resulted in conflicts between Native Americans and European colonizers.
• What was the demographic composition of the African American population by 1775?

  By 1775, African Americans made up 20 percent of the colonial population, with 90 percent living in the Southern colonies.
• How did the economic roles of enslaved Africans differ between the Southern colonies and New England?

  Enslaved Africans in the South primarily worked on plantations, while in New England, they had a wider range of jobs due to less large-scale agriculture.
• What was the significance of the Royal African Company in the English colonies?

  The Royal African Company had a monopoly on the slave trade until 1689, influencing the number of enslaved people transported to the colonies.
• What was the primary reason for the Panic among white colonists during the Stono Rebellion?

  Fear of a revolt among enslaved people led to violence against them.
• How did the consumer revolution affect the colonies?

  The consumer revolution led to the popularity of European arts and literature among wealthy colonists, influencing colonial culture.
• How did the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment contribute to a desire for independence among colonists?

  Both movements encouraged individual thought and questioned authority, fostering a desire for independence from Britain.