perdev

• What does the term "holism" mean?


  Holism means all or total.
• What does holistic development involve?

  Holistic development involves all parts of a person, including physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and moral development.
• How do adults often confuse adolescence and puberty?

  Adults often use the terms adolescence and puberty synonymously, although they refer to different concepts.
• What does puberty refer to?

  Puberty refers to the physiological changes involved in the sexual maturation of a child.
• What is the definition of adolescence?


  Adolescence refers to the stage from puberty to adulthood, including the psychological experiences of the child during this period.
• What age range is typically described as adolescence?

  Adolescence is typically described as the teenage years from thirteen to eighteen years of age.
• At what age can adolescence begin in some children?

  Adolescence can begin in some children as early as nine years of age.
• Who developed the Cognitive Development Theory?

  Jean Piaget developed the Cognitive Development Theory.
• What is the significance of Piaget's work on cognitive development?

  Piaget's work is the most complete theory available today and is widely used in understanding how children develop intellectually.
• How many stages are there in Piaget's cognitive development theory?

  There are four stages in Piaget's cognitive development theory.
• What are the four stages of cognitive development according to Piaget?

  The four stages are sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
• What does each stage in Piaget's theory represent?

  Each stage represents a qualitative leap forward in the child’s ability to solve problems and reason logically.
• What is a schema in Piaget's theory?

  A schema is a cohesive, repeatable action sequence that helps organize and interpret information.
• What are the processes of accommodation and assimilation?

  Accommodation and assimilation are mental processes that help organize schemas.
• What is assimilation?


  Assimilation is dealing with new events in a way that is consistent with an existing schema.
• What is accommodation?


  Accommodation is dealing with a new event by modifying an existing schema or forming a new one.
• Give an example of assimilation.


  A child realizes that cars can be different colors and styles after seeing a white truck, modifying his understanding of what a car is.
• Give an example of accommodation.

  A little boy modifies his schema after learning that a cat is not a dog, but a different animal.
• What is the age range for the sensorimotor stage?

  The sensorimotor stage ranges from birth to age 2.
• What do children do in the sensorimotor stage?

  Children use their senses to understand the world around them, often putting things in their mouth.
• What does object permanence indicate?

  Object permanence indicates that the knowledge of an object still exists even if it is out of sight.
• What is the age range for the preoperational stage?

  The preoperational stage ranges from age 2 to 7.
• What is a key characteristic of the preoperational stage?

  Children can think symbolically, making one thing stand for something other than itself.
• What is egocentric thinking?

  Egocentric thinking refers to the child's inability to see a situation from another person's point of view.
• What is the age range for the concrete operational stage?

  The concrete operational stage ranges from age 7 to 11.
• What marks the beginning of the concrete operational stage?

  The beginning of logical or operational thought marks the concrete operational stage.
• What is conservation in cognitive development?

  Conservation is the understanding that something stays the same in quantity even though its appearance changes.
• What is the age range for the formal operations stage?

  The formal operations stage begins at 12 years and continues onwards.
• What abilities develop during the formal operations stage?


  Adolescents develop the ability to test hypotheses in a mature, scientific manner and discuss abstract terms.
• What is metacognition?


  Metacognition is the process of thinking about the process of thinking itself.
• What are some implications of adolescent thinking?

  Teenagers begin to question things about themselves, the environment, and others, leading to increased introspection.
• What risky behaviors might teenagers engage in due to unclear plans?

  Teenagers may engage in risky behaviors such as cutting classes and cheating.
• Who developed the Moral Development Theory?

  Lawrence Kohlberg developed the Moral Development Theory.
• How did Kohlberg define moral reasoning?

  Kohlberg defined moral reasoning as judgments about right and wrong.
• What method did Kohlberg use to develop his theory?

  Kohlberg used moral dilemmas to study moral reasoning and decision-making.
• How many stages are in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

  There are six stages in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
• What is the first level of Kohlberg's moral development theory?

  The first level is Pre-Conventional morality.
• What characterizes the Pre-Conventional level of moral development?

  Judgment is based solely on a person's own needs and perceptions.
• What is Stage 1 of the Pre-Conventional level?

  Stage 1 is Punishment-obedience Orientation, where actions are determined by avoiding punishment.
• Give an example of Stage 1 in the Pre-Conventional level.

  A child cleans his toys to avoid standing in the quiet corner.