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• What does incomplete dominance refer to in genetics?


  It refers to the offspring phenotypes being different from the parents.
• What are sex-linked traits?


  Traits carried by the genes located on the sex chromosomes.
• What is a polygenic trait?


  A trait whose physical appearance is a result of the cumulative expression of multiple genes.
• What is codominance in genetics?


  It is when the heterozygous characteristics are both fully expressed in the offspring.
• What is red-green colorblindness?


  A condition wherein the person cannot identify between red and green colors.
• What is hemophilia?


  It is a disorder where the blood takes a longer period to clot, or it fails to clot.
• What characterizes Duchenne muscular dystrophy?


  It is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration that leads to muscle weakness.
• What is sickle cell anemia?


  A red blood cell disorder wherein the red blood cells are shaped like crescents.
• What are genes responsible for?


  They are responsible for the physical and heritable characteristics of organisms.
• What is DNA?


  It is a long, coiled structure that carries the genetic instructions on how living things grow and develop.
• What is cytogenetics?


  It is the study of chromosomes.
• What are sister chromatids?


  They are double-stranded chromosomes.
• What is chromatin?


  It refers to single linear strands of chromosomes.
• What is polyploidy?


  It is a condition wherein the normal diploid cell has three or more times the number of haploid chromosomes in gametes.
• What is the diploid number?


  It is the number of chromosomes present in the body cells.
• What are chromosomes?


  They are carriers of genes.
• What is diastole in the context of the heart?


  It is the relaxation phase of heart muscles.
• What is systole in the context of the heart?


  It is the contraction phase of heart muscles.
• What is the cardiac cycle?


  • Sequence of events that happen when the heart beats
  • Includes both diastole and systole phases
• What is the primary function of the circulatory system?


  To transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and other materials to and from the cells of the body
• What is the main role of the respiratory system?


  To supply blood with oxygen
• What does the process of breathing involve?


  Drawing air into the lungs and its corresponding expulsion
• What is the function of the heart?


  To pump the blood to different parts of the body
• What is the larynx commonly known as?


  The voice box
• Diaphragm - a sheet of smooth muscle located below the lungs
• What does species diversity refer to?


  The total number of species that exist within a region
• What is genetic diversity?


  Variations in genes between distinct species
• What is the primary cause of habitat destruction?


  Human activities
• What is the second cause of mass extinction of plant and animal species?

  Commercial hunting
• How is species defined in ecological terms?


  The number and variety of living organisms in an area
• What is the number one cause of biodiversity loss?

  Extinction
• What does adaptation refer to in organisms?


  The ability of organisms to respond to changes in the environment
• What is a habitat?


  The place where organisms live
• What does morphology study?


  The form or structure of living organisms
• What does structural adaptation involve?


  Changes in the morphology and anatomy of the organism
• What is physiological adaptation?


  Any function that an organism exhibits as a direct response to an environmental change