Using CriticalTables

• define calculated value?

  The number given from the research. Has been calculated forus and given in the question
• Define critical value?

  A number in one of the tables
• What must we do with the values?

  We must compare the calculated value to the critical value to assess significance
• How to figure out which critical value you need?

  1. Hypothesis- directional or non-directional?
  2. Number of pps / degrees freedom (same thing)
  3. level of significance or 'p' value (0.05 unless otherwise stated)
• How do calculate degrees of freedom??


  (rows-1) x (columns -1)

  • only count the rows and columns where raw data collected has been entered
• Define degrees of freedom?


  the number of independent pieces of info that went into calculating the estimate