Paper 3

• What is the key question for the investigation in Cardiff Bay?

  How successful has the regeneration of Cardiff Bay been?
• Why is the investigation into Cardiff Bay's regeneration suitable?

  It focuses on the transformation from a coal-exporting port to a redeveloped urban area.
• What was the role of Cardiff Docks during WW1 and WW2?

  They were vital for coal export and had bustling activity second only to London docks.
• What led to the decline of coal exports in Cardiff Bay?

  The decline in coal demand post-WW2.
• What was the condition of Cardiff Bay by 1987?

  The area was rundown due to the cessation of coal exports.
• What organization was established to revitalize Cardiff Bay?


  The Cardiff Bay Development Corporation (CBDC).
• What is urban regeneration?

  Revitalising and improving brownfield sites to enhance economic, social, and environmental conditions.
• What is the aim of urban regeneration?

  To rejuvenate declining urban areas, foster sustainable development, attract investment, and improve quality of life.
• What are the impacts of the regeneration strategy on the economy, physical environment, and perceptions of a place?

  • Economy: Attracts investment and increases trade.
  • Physical Environment: Improves infrastructure and aesthetics.
  • Perceptions: Enhances the image of the area, making it more appealing to residents and visitors.
• What construction was made to improve Cardiff Bay?


  A barrage was created to form an area of fresh water for safe docking of ships.
• Why was the barrage necessary for Cardiff Bay?

  It allows for boats to dock safely and helps manage mud flaps.
• How does the construction of transport hubs impact Cardiff Bay?


  It allows for easy access between rural areas of Wales and encourages local shopping.
• What decision was made regarding Cardiff's status in Wales?

  Cardiff was made the capital of Wales, moving the Welsh government there.
• How does the Principality Stadium contribute to Cardiff Bay?

  It attracts sporting fans and boosts tourism in Wales.
• What are the economic benefits of the Principality Stadium?

  It allows for more income through ticket sales and tourism-related activities.
• What is the initial risk rating formula used in the risk assessment?

  Initial risk rating = Likelihood x Severity.
• What is the likelihood rating for being hit by a vehicle when crossing roads in the city center?

  2.
• What is the severity rating for being hit by a vehicle when crossing roads in the city center?

  5.
• What actions were taken to minimize the risk of being hit by a vehicle?


  Use pedestrian crossings, look both ways, and stay in data collection groups.
• What is the likelihood rating for weather-related risks?

  3.
• What is the severity rating for weather-related risks?

  5.
• What is the primary data collected during the enquiry?

  Access to services, litter camps, environmental quality assessments, questionnaires, photographs, field sketches, and emotion/smell sketches.
• What is the secondary data collected during the enquiry?

  Index of decay, crime indicators, and land use survey.
• What are the two data collection techniques used in the enquiry?

  1. Environmental Quality Assessment (EQA)

  • Measures qualities along a transect.
  • Scores on a scale from 1 to 5.
  • Systematic sampling method.

  1. Pedestrian Count

  • Counts pedestrians using a stopwatch.
  • Repeated at different times for reliability.
  • Convenience and stratified sampling methods.
• What does the EQA score represent?


  The total score shows how good an area of the city is based on measured qualities.
• How was the pedestrian count conducted?

  By using a stopwatch to count pedestrians passing by over a set time.
• What was the hypothesis for the pedestrian count?

  There would be a wide range of land use and employment opportunities for local residents.
• What does the bar graph show in the investigation?

  The number of pedestrians in a given area over a span of 5 minutes.
• What does the radar diagram represent?

  The good and negative aspects of the area based on various variables.
• How was the radar diagram plotted?

  Using Google Sheets to represent data clearly.
• Why was the radar chart chosen for data presentation?

  It clearly represents the main qualities of the data in an easy-to-interpret format.
• What could improve the radar diagram presentation?

  Including more areas to better understand shifts in variables.
• How do the results from the investigation relate to the hypothesis?

  The results show a range of land use and employment opportunities, supporting the hypothesis.
• What limitations were identified in the radar diagram?

  The curves can be misleading and may distort the data.
• What additional data could have been collected to support the hypothesis?

  More specific questions in interviews to gain deeper insights.
• How could the fieldwork investigation be improved?

  By repeating methods at different times of year or locations.
• Do the weaknesses in data collection methods affect the reliability of conclusions?

  Yes, but they do not necessarily render the conclusions unreliable.
• What is essential to recognize when interpreting findings from urban regeneration studies?

  The inherent uncertainties and complexities of urban environments.