Bleeding in pregnancy

• Other causes:

  • Local causes:
  • Cervicitis, ectropion, polyp
  • Vulval, vaginal, cervical cancer
  • Trauma to lower genital tract
  • Or bleeding for GI/urinary tract
• Divide PV bleeding into:

  • Early pregnancy
  • APH - after 24 weeks gestation
  • Intrapartum - onset of labour until end of second stage
  • PPH - from the third stage until 6 weeks after delivery
• Methods to stop bleeding:

  • Emergency caesarean section
  • Uterine artery ligation or embolization
  • Intrauterine balloon tamponade
  • Emergency hysterectomy