cells

Cards (30)

  • Germ theory

    diseases are caused by microorganisms that evade organisms
  • 4 humors
    1. ancient medical theories
    2. The body's health relied on the balance of 4 bodily humors
  • Water
    Phlegm
    • calmness
  • fire

    yellow bile
    • irritability
  • air

    blood
    • lively
  • earth
    black bile
    • temper
  • Aton Van Leeuwenhoek
    • created the first microscope
    • observed the corks wine bottle and noticed cells
  • Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden
    • formation of the cell theory
  • Postulates of cell theory
    1. Cells are the basic unit of life
    2. Living things have 1 or more cells
    3. Cells come from preexisting cells (cellular division)
  • PROkaryotic
    • NO nucleus
    • existed before the evolution of the cell nucleus
    • doesn't have membrane-bound organelles and nucleus
    • had DNA and Ribosomes
    • basic form of cells
    • easier to make copies
  • examples of prokaryotic
    1. Archaebacteria
    2. Eubacteria
  • EUkaryotic
    • Cells with nucleus & organelles
    • Nucleus protects the DNA
    • Membrane-bound organelles perform independent functions
    • Organelles can function kahit walang nucleus
    • Interdependent
    • More complex & bigger than prokaryotes
    • More functions
    • Works with other eukaryotic cells
    1. Nucleus
    2. Endoplasmic Reticulum
    3. Cytoplasm
    4. Cell membrane/Plasma membrane
    5. DNA
    6. Lysosomes
    7. Ribosomes
    8. Mitochondrion
    9. Golgi Apparatus
  • What is the primary function of proteins in the cell membrane?
    They act as gates in the phospholipid bilayer.
  • What role do receptors play in the cell membrane?
    They signal molecules to come near the cells.
  • What is the characteristic of the cell membrane regarding permeability?
    It is selectively permeable.
  • What does the cell membrane separate?
    It separates the cell from the external environment.
  • What are the two models of the cell membrane mentioned?
    The Classical Model and the Fluid-Mosaic Model.
  • What is the structure of the Classical Model of the cell membrane?
    It is a lipo-protein sandwich.
  • Why is the Classical Model considered incorrect?
    It does not account for the flexibility and variability of the structure.
  • What temperature discrepancies were noted in the Classical Model?
    The freezing point for proteins is -20 °C and for lipids is -44 °C.
  • What is the Fluid-Mosaic Model of the cell membrane?
    It describes the cell membrane as more fluid than solid, with proteins dispersed in the phospholipid bilayer.
  • What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
    It separates the internal and external environments of the nucleus.
  • What is the role of nuclear pores?
    They allow the exit of mRNA and ribosomes after synthesis.
  • What is the nuclear lamina?
    It serves as a foundation for the nucleus.
  • What is chromatin?
    It is compressed DNA/RNA and proteins in a resting or non-dividing nucleus.
  • What fills the cavity of the nucleus?
    Nucleoplasm fills the cavity of the nucleus.
  • What is the function of the nucleolus?
    It synthesizes ribosomes involved in protein synthesis.
  • What is the Central Dogma of molecular biology?
    • Describes the flow of genetic information
    • DNA → RNA → Protein
  • What are some adaptations of specialized cells?
    • Red Blood Cells: Bioconcave shape for oxygen transport
    • Microvilli: Finger-like projections for food propulsion
    • Nerve Cells: Stellate shape for signal transmission
    • Sperm Cells: Flagella for movement
    • Plant Roots: 'Hari roots' for water absorption
    • Chromatophores: Color-changing ability
    • Plasmodesmata: Communication passageways between plant cells