Malaria

• Malaria is also called Marsh Fever
• Malaria

  Primarily affects RBC
• Malaria

  Causative Agent: Plasmodium (Protozoa-parasite)
• Malaria

  Most common CA: P. Vivax

  Most fatal CA: P. Falciparum
• Malaria

  Mode of Transmission: Anopheles Mosquito, Needles
• Malaria

  Mode of Transmission: Blood transfusion - CANNOT donate blood for 3 years post-infection due to risk of dormant malaria
• Malaria: signs and symptoms - mnemonic: CHASE
• Malaria: signs and symptoms

  Chills

  Hepatomegaly

  Anemia - severe anemia - malarial cachexia

  Sweating (profound)

  Elevated temperature
• Malaria Diagnostics

  Blood Smear - best done during the peak of fever
• Malaria Management

  Artemether - First line drug
• Malaria Management

  Primaquine - Follow-up drug to ensure complete eradication of parasite
• Malaria Management

  Quinine - Indicated for Severe Malaria
• Malaria Management

  Quinine - For plasmodium falciparum
• Malaria Management

  Quinine - Advserse Effects: Dizziness
• Malaria Management

  Quinine - Route: IV
• Malaria Management

  Quinine - N/I: Put patient on supine position 1 hr after administration
• Malaria Management

  Chloroquine - Prophylactic drug taken 1 week before going to endemic place; for plasmodium vivax
• Malaria Prevention

  On Stream Seeding

  • Fish 

  On Stream Cleaning

  • Clearing of overhanging branches of trees

  Zooprophylaxis

  • Use of animals to divert malaria-carrying mosquitoes away from humans