Bones

• Cranium = head
• clavicle = shoulders
• Sternum = Chest
• Humerus = upper arm
• Radius = top part of the lower arm
• Ulna = lower part of the lower arm
• Femur = upper thigh
• Patella = knee cap
• Tarsals = Feet
• Metatarsals = lower toes
• Phalanges = upper toes
• scapula = back shoulders
• vertebral column = vertebrae
• pelvis = hips
• Carpals = wrist
• Metacarpals = lower fingers
• phalanges = upper fingers
• Tibia = front leg
• Fibula = back leg
• vertebrae (33)

  • cervical (7)
  • Thoracic (12)
  • Lumbar (5)
  • sacrum (5 fused)
  • coccyx (4 fused)
• • Functions of the skeleton are:
  • Protection
  • Muscle Attachment
  • Joints for Movement
  • Storing Calcium and Phosphorus
  • Red And White Blood Cell Production
• muscle attachment = muscles are attached to bone by tendons and the bones act as anchors that muscles can pull on as they move (origin , insertion, muscle and tendon)
• Joints for movements

  • Fine movements - small and precise
  • Gross movements - larger movements
• Storing Calcium and Phosphorus

  • stored within the bones
  • (calcium)helps maintain healthy and strong bones
  • (phosphorus)helps reduce muscle pain
• • four main types of bone:
  • Long bones
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
  • Irregular bones
• Long bones = generate movement, strength and speed as they usually act as levers
• Short bones = weight bearing and shock absorption
• Joint classification

  • Pivot Joint
  • Hinge Joint
  • Ball and Socket Joint
  • Condyloid Joint
• pivot joint

  • found in the neck between the atlas and axis
  • only allows rotational moverment
• Hinge Joint

  • allow flexion and extension
  • planta flexion + dorsi flexion
• condyloid joint

  • allows you to flex and extend the joint, as well as adduction ,abduction and circumduction
• Ligaments – Join bone to bone , keep joints stable
• Abduction– movement away from the midline of the body. This occurs at the hip and shoulder joints
• Adduction– movement towards the midline of the body.
• Circumduction– this is where the limb moves in a circle.
• Tendons – joins muscle to bone , apply power and movement