states of matter

• name of conversion from solid to gas

  sublimation
• name of conversion from solid to liquid

  melting
• what is the state of matter that contains the least amount of energy

  solid
• explain why heating a liquid causes it to evaporate more quickly

  It causes the particles to gain kinetic energy so they collide more frequently.

  If they have enough energy they can separate from the other particles by overcoming the forces
• write and equation, including state symbols, to show the change of state of water from a gas to a liquid

  H2O(g) -> H2O(l)
• describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a solid

  Regular arrangement of particles closely packed

  They vibrate on the spot
• conversion from liquid to gas

  vaporisation/evaporation/boiling
• conversion from gas to liquid

  condensing
• conversion from liquid to solid


  freezing
• diffusion


  movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration - in both liquids and gases
• explain why gas and liquid particles can move around

  particles have weak forces between them so can move around
• explain why liquid particles move around faster than gas particles

  gas particles have weaker forces between them than liquid particles, and they are further apart so don't bump into each other as often
• explain why solid particles cannot move around

  Particles have strong forces between them
• in the diffusion tube experiment, what happens when ammonia gas meets hydrogen chloride gas


  particles react to form a white compound called ammonium chloride
• in the diffusion tube experiment why do the two gases not meet in the middle of the tube?

  ammonia particles are lighter and so move faster than hydrogen chloride particles
• chemical formula of glucose

  C6H12O6
• formula of sulfur dioxide

  SO2
• filtration


  the process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid by using a filter
• crystallisation


  a separation technique used to separate soluble solids from a solution
• simple distillation

  a separation technique used to separate a mixture of two liquids by using their different boiling points
• fractional distillation

  a separation technique used to separate a mixture of many liquids according to their boiling points
• which state of matter is the least common for the elements of the Periodic Table at room temperature 


  liquid
• solute

  a substance that dissolves in a solvent
• solvent


  a liquid or a gas that can dissolve solutes
• solution


  a mixture of a solvent and a solute
• saturated solution

  a solution, at a particular temperature which contains as much dissolved solute as possible
• in chromatography why is the line drawn in pencil


  so it doesn't spread or mix with the ink
• in chromatography why must the water level be below the spots


  so the spot doesn't dissolve
• how to calculate Rf value


  Rf = distance traveled by solute/ distance traveled by solvent
• exothermic

  gives out heat energy
• endothermic


  takes in heat energy
• miscible


  liquids that can mix e.g. alcohol and water
• immiscible


  liquids that do not mix e.g. oil and water
• what is moving from a gas to a solid called?

  deposition