cattle industry

• What was the time period discussed in the study material regarding cattle trails and cow towns?

  1901-1965
• What was the significance of the cattle trails and cow towns in the context of Texas?

  They facilitated long drives to new markets and settlements in the West.
• Who were the key figures associated with the Goodnight-Loving Trail?

  Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving
• What was the first trail established by Goodnight and Loving, and what was its purpose?

  The first trail was to Fort Sumner to supply the Navajo Indian reservations.
• How many cattle were sold at Fort Sumner, and what was their selling price?

  800 cattle sold for $12,000.
• What impact did Goodnight's success have on other cattlemen and Wyoming's cattle industry?

  It encouraged other cattlemen to drive cattle to Wyoming, leading to growth in the cattle ranches there.
• What was John Iliff's contribution to the cattle industry?

  He was the first to raise cattle on the Plains near Denver.
• How did Iliff become Denver's first millionaire?

  By selling beef to miners, Indian reservations, and railroad worker gangs.
• What was the size of Iliff's ranch by 1870?

  16,000 acres
• What were the changing roles of cowboys as ranching developed?

  Cowboys transitioned from long cattle drives to more ranch-based work with shorter drives.
• What was a typical characteristic of cowboys during the cattle drives?

  Cowboys were often young men, many of whom were former soldiers or outlaws.
• What were some dangers faced by cowboys on long cattle drives?

  Dangers included stampeding cattle, wild animals, crossing rivers, and extreme weather.
• How did the work of cowboys change with the transition from long drives to ranching?

  Work became year-round and full-time, focusing on smaller distances and ranch maintenance.
• What tactics did ranchers use to block homesteaders from claiming public land?

  Ranchers filed homestead claims, bought and fenced land, and took homesteaders to court.
• What was the main conflict between farmers and ranchers regarding land use?

  Farmers wanted ranchers to fence their land to prevent cattle from roaming onto crops.
• What were the consequences of the rivalry between cattlemen and sheep farmers?

  It led to range wars and conflicts over grazing land.
• How did the lifestyle of cowboys change from the open range to ranching?

  Cowboys moved from seasonal work on long drives to year-round work with fewer cowboys needed.
• What were the key developments in the cattle industry during the 1800s?

  • Establishment of cattle trails and cow towns
  • Development of the Goodnight-Loving Trail
  • Growth of ranching in the Great Plains
  • Transition from long cattle drives to ranch-based work
  • Conflicts between ranchers and homesteaders
• What were the roles and challenges faced by cowboys on cattle drives?

  • Roles included rounding up, branding, and driving cattle
  • Challenges included dangers from stampedes, wild animals, and weather
  • Life was often lonely due to long distances between cowboys
  • Work was seasonal, with specific tasks for different times of the year
• What were the tactics used by ranchers to block homesteaders?

  • Filing homestead claims on desirable land
  • Buying and fencing land to block access
  • Taking homesteaders to court over land rights
• What were the consequences of the conflicts between ranchers and farmers?

  • Arguments over fencing led to court cases
  • Tensions sometimes escalated into open conflict
  • Rivalry between cattlemen and sheep farmers resulted in range wars