Science

• What are the main substructures found in both plant and animal cells?

  Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and ribosomes
• What is the role of substructures in cells?

  They allow cells to perform their specific functions
• What additional substructures do plant cells contain that animal cells do not?

  Chloroplasts, a permanent vacuole, and a cell wall
• What type of microscope is used to view cells that are too small to see with the naked eye?

  A light microscope
• How can a light microscope be focused?

  By using the coarse and fine adjustment knobs
• How is magnification calculated in microscopy?

  By dividing the size of the image by the real size of the object
• What is the advantage of using electron microscopes over light microscopes?

  They offer greater magnification and higher resolution
• What does resolution in microscopy refer to?

  The ability to distinguish between two points in an image
• What is mitosis?


  The process by which cells divide and reproduce to make two identical daughter cells
• Where are stem cells found in adults?

  In the bone marrow
• What is the versatility of adult stem cells?

  They can only differentiate to become blood cells
• Where else are stem cells found besides adults?

  In embryos
• Why are stem cells important to scientists?

  They can be programmed to become any type of cell
• How could stem cells be used to treat diabetes?

  By differentiating into insulin-producing cells and transplanting them into the patient
• What is a common objection to stem cell research?

  That the embryo is a human life and should not be destroyed
• What is a counterargument to the objection against stem cell research?

  A current human life is more valuable than a potential human life