Venous TOS

• Thoracic outlet syndrome - Venous Classification:

  • Numbness in a non radicular distribution, coolness to touch and pale discolouration (Hooper et al., 2010)
  • Deep pain on movement or rest in the upper limb, chest, shoulder
  • swelling and cyanotic discolouration
  • Can develop secondary to repetitive upper limb activities or can be spontaneous (Hooper et al., 2010)
• Venous Thoracic outlet syndrome - Objective:

  • Upper limb swelling
  • Cyanosis
  • Distended collateral veins
  • Objective Tests:
  • Positive results on EAST (ROOS), NTPT, Adsons tests
  • Neural integrity assessment is required!