Halsey, Heath and Ridge (1980)

• What was the sample size of their study?

  8,000 males who were born between 1913 and 1952
• The 8,000 male sample was split into three groups based on what?

  Their fathers' occupation
• What three main groups were identified?

  1. The Service Class - fathers were: professionals, administrators and managers.
  2. The intermediate class fathers were: clerical or sales workers, the self-employed and lower-grade technicians and foreman
  3. The working class - fathers were manual workers in industry and agriculture
• What key data did they find from conducting this research?

  They found that service class individuals when compared to their working class counterparts:

  
  

  • had four times as great a chance of being at school at 16
  • had ten times the chance at 18
  • were 11 times more likely to attend university
• What is one major criticism of their research?

  Outdated - today everyone is legally required to be in some form of education up until the age of 18, regardless of class.
• They found clear class inequalities in education.