Townsend (1979)

• What sample did Townsend use for his research?

  • 2,000 households
  • more than 6,000 individuals
• What three ways of defining poverty did he identify?

  • State standard of poverty
  • use official statistics based on calculations used to claim benefits
  • Relative income standard when comparing similar households
  • Relative deprivation
• What is relative deprivation?

  Where individuals are considered to be in poverty when they can't obtain resources needed to participate fully in their community.