Biomolecule

• What are carbohydrates primarily composed of?

  Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Why are carbohydrates considered a major class of animal foods?

  Because they are the main source for the body to gain energy
• What role do carbohydrates play in plants?

  They make up the cell wall, allowing plants to grow tall
• What would happen to a plant without carbohydrates?

  A plant would be a mushy mess
• What is the specific type of carbohydrate that makes up the cell wall in plants?

  Cellulose
• 2 categories of carbohydrates

  1. Simple Sugars
  2. Complex Carbohydrates
• 3 main types of carbohydrates

  1. Monosaccharides ( Simple Sugars )
  2. Disaccharides ( 2 sugars attached )
  3. Polysaccharides (Many sugars attached )
• Monosaccharide - simple sugar with one carbon atom
• Polysaccharide - many monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis reactions
• Disaccharide - two monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis reaction
• Starch -Storage poln of plants Glycogen - storage poly of animals Cellulose - Structural poly. A component of tougn plant cell Walls. Chitin -Stuctural poly used to build exoskeleton
• Lipids are made of a triglyceride that is made from the alcohol glycerol plus fatty acids. Additions to this basic structure yield great diversity in lipids. Over 10,000 kinds of lipids
• Lipids are considerably smaller than proteins
• Fatty acids are one type of lipid and serve as building blocks for other lipids as well. Fatty acids contain carboxyl (-COOH) groups bound to a carbon chain with attached hydrogens.
• Saturated fatty acids have single carbon bonds. unsaturated fatty acids have double carbon bonds.
• Phospholipids are made of a triglyceride with a phosphate group substituted in for a fatty acid. They can be described as having a charged head and hydrocarbon tail.
• Their heads are hydrophilic, or water-loving, whereas their tails are hydrophobic or repellant to water.
• Cholesterols - arrange into rigid ring structures of five or six carbon atoms, with hydrogens attached and a flexible hydrocarbon tail.
• Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are lipids that aid in membrane fluidity. PUFAs participate in cell signaling related to neural inflammation and energetic metabolism.
• Sterols - are lipids found in plant mempranes. Glycolipids - are lipids linked to carbohydrates and are part Of cellular lipid pools.
• Functions of proteins

  Enzymes - mostly carry out numerous chemical reactions

  Which take place in cell

  Hormones - Proteins are involved in the creation