Classical conditioning

• Who is the main figure discussed in the video related to behaviorism and classical conditioning?

  Ivan Pavlov
• What is the focus of the video series mentioned in the study material?

  The series explores different approaches in psychology.
• What is the name of the approach that includes behaviorism and social learning theory?

  Learning theories
• Who is quoted as saying, "men are built not born"?

  John B. Watson
• What does John B. Watson believe is the key factor to understanding behavior?

  The shaping of the environment a person is in.
• According to the behaviorist approach, how should behavior be studied?

  Behavior should be observable and measurable.
• What Latin term do behaviorists use to describe humans as blank slates?

  Tabula rasa
• What is the main idea of behaviorism regarding how behaviors are learned?

  Behaviors are learned from the environment.
• What are the two parts of learning according to behaviorists?

  Classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
• What did Ivan Pavlov win the Nobel Prize for?


  His research into the digestive system of dogs.
• What phenomenon did Pavlov observe in dogs before food was presented?

  The dogs started to salivate at the sound of footsteps or the sight of a lab coat.
• What is classical conditioning?

  Learning through association.
• How does Pavlov's experiment demonstrate classical conditioning?


  By associating dog food with the sound of a bell.
• What is the neutral stimulus in Pavlov's experiment?

  The bell.
• What is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's experiment?

  The food.
• What happens when the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are paired together?

  They become associated, leading to a conditioned response.
• What is a conditioned stimulus after repeated pairings in Pavlov's experiment?

  The bell becomes a conditioned stimulus.
• What type of behaviors does classical conditioning apply to?

  Involuntary reflex behaviors.
• What is generalization in classical conditioning?

  When the conditioned stimulus can produce a response to similar stimuli.
• What is discrimination in classical conditioning?

  When the subject can distinguish between different stimuli.
• What is extinction in classical conditioning?

  The gradual weakening of a conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented.
• How does spontaneous recovery relate to classical conditioning?

  It is the reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction.
• What are the key concepts of classical conditioning as demonstrated by Pavlov's research?

  • Neutral stimulus: Bell
  • Unconditioned stimulus: Food
  • Conditioned stimulus: Bell after association
  • Conditioned response: Salivation
  • Generalization: Response to similar stimuli
  • Discrimination: Distinguishing between stimuli
  • Extinction: Weakening of response
  • Spontaneous recovery: Reappearance of response
• How might someone learn to feel sick when they see a specific food sign, like KFC?

  Through classical conditioning, associating the food sign with a previous negative experience.
• What are the retrieval practice questions presented in the video?

  1. Classical conditioning is learning by...
  2. In Pavlov's conditioning of the dogs, what key term is given to the food?
  3. What key terms are given to the bell before and after learning?
  4. What is meant by the term extinction in relation to classical conditioning?
  5. Explain how someone may have learned to feel sick when they see the KFC sign.