Long and short term effects of exercise

• Cardiovascular system (short term )

  • Increase in stroke volume (SV); increase in heart rate (HR), cardiac output (Q) , blood pressure (BP)
• Respiratory system (short term)

  • Increase in breathing rate , tidal volume
• Cardio-respiratory system ( short term )

  • Increase in oxygen uptake ,carbon dioxide removal
• Energy system ( short term )

  • Increase in lactate production
• Muscular system (short term )

  • Increase in temperature of muscles, pliability ,muscle fatigue
• Aerobic training increases aerobic endurance
• Cardiovascular system ( long term )

  • Cardiac hypertrophy , increased stroke volume (SV) , decrease in resting heart rate (HR), increase in maximum cardiac output (Q), increase in number of red blood cells ,increased size and strength of the heart , drop in resting blood pressure due to more elastic muscular wall of veins and arteries
• Respiratory system ( long term )

  • Increased vital capacity, increased number of functioning alveoli , increased strength of the respiratory muscles increased lung capacity and volume
• Energy system ( long term )

  • Increased production of energy from the aerobic energy system, increased tolerance to lactic acid
• Muscular system (long term )

  • Muscle hypertrophy ,increased strength of tendons ,increased strength of ligaments
• Skeletal system ( long term)

  • Increase in bone density
• hypertrophy means the muscles get bigger