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• What is a biosensor used for in medical conditions like diabetes?

  To monitor accurate measurements of blood glucose
• What are polysaccharides formed from?

  • Large numbers of identical monosaccharide units (monomers)
  • Linked by glycosidic bonds formed by condensation reactions
• What is the primary function of starch in plants?

  To store glucose
• What type of glucose does starch consist of?

  α-glucose
• What are the two polymers that make up starch?

  • Straight-chain amylose
  • Branched amylopectin
• How are glucose molecules added to form polysaccharides like starch?

  By condensation reactions
• What are the three properties of starch that make it a good storage polysaccharide?

  1. Compact, allowing storage of a large amount of energy in a small volume
  2. Insoluble, having no osmotic effect on the cell
  3. Readily converted into glucose for use in aerobic respiration
• What type of bonds does amylopectin have?

  α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic bonds
• What percentage of the starch molecule does amylopectin make up?

  75%
• How does amylose differ from amylopectin in structure?

  Amylose is unbranched and coiled into a helix
• What type of glycosidic bond is formed between adjacent glucose molecules in amylose?

  α-1,4 glycosidic bond
• What percentage of the starch molecule does amylose make up?

  25%
• What is the structural difference between amylose and amylopectin?

  • Amylose: Unbranched, coiled into a helix
  • Amylopectin: Branched with both α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic bonds