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Cards (54)
What is the appendicular skeleton responsible for?
It is responsible for
limb movement
and attachment to the
axial
skeleton.
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When does the development of the appendicular skeleton begin?
It begins
before birth.
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At what age does the completion of appendicular skeleton development typically occur?
Around age
25.
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What are the main components of a mammalian limb anatomy?
Single
strong bone close to
trunk
Hinge joint
connecting two
distal
bones
Complex joint
made of
short
bones
Hand
, foot, or
wing
made of rows of small bones
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What bones compose the shoulder girdle?
The
clavicle
and
scapula
compose the shoulder girdle.
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What is the function of the shoulder girdle?
It anchors the upper
limb
to the
axial
skeleton and facilitates movement.
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What is another name for the clavicle?
Collarbone.
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How is the clavicle described in terms of its structure?
It is a
loosely-anchored
,
S-shaped
bone.
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With which bone does the clavicle articulate medially?
Manubrium
of the
sternum.
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What joint is formed by the clavicle articulating with the manubrium?
Sternoclavicular joint.
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What does the clavicle articulate with laterally?
Acromion
of the
scapula.
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What joint is formed by the clavicle articulating with the acromion?
Acromioclavicular joint.
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Where is the scapula located?
On the
posterior
of the
shoulder.
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What articulates with the
glenoid cavity
of the
scapula
?
The head of the
humerus.
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What joint is formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity?
Glenohumeral joint.
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What are the processes found on the scapula?
Coracoid
and
acromion
processes.
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What are the fossae present on the scapula?
Supraspinous
,
infraspinous
, and subscapular fossae.
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What are the three borders of the scapula?
Superior
border
Medial
border
Lateral
border
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What is the distal end of the humerus responsible for?
It forms the
elbow joint.
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Which structures articulate with the distal end of the humerus?
Trochlea
articulates with
ulna
and capitulum articulates with radius.
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What are the additional bony markings of the humerus?
Anatomical neck,
surgical neck
, greater and lesser tubercles,
intertubercular groove
, medial and lateral epicondyles, and coronoid and radial fossae.
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What is the ulna's position in the antebrachial region?
It is the
medial bone.
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What shape does the
proximal
end of the ulna resemble?
It resembles the shape of the letter "
C
".
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What processes form the trochlear notch of the ulna?
Olecranon
and
coronoid
processes.
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With which part of the humerus does the ulna articulate at the elbow?
Trochlea
of the humerus.
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What type of motion does the ulna allow at the forearm?
Hinge-like
motion.
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What is the radius's position in the antebrachial region?
It is the
lateral
bone.
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What does the head of the radius articulate with at the elbow?
Capitulum
of the
humerus.
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What motion does the radius allow in relation to the ulna?
It rotates around the ulna to allow
pronation
and
supination
of the forearm.
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What is found between the radius and ulna?
Interosseous membrane.
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What does the distal end of the radius articulate with?
Carpal bones.
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What are the eight carpal bones arranged into?
Proximal row (lateral to
medial
): Scaphoid,
lunate
, triquetrum, pisiform
Distal row (
lateral
to
medial
): Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
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How many metacarpals are found in the palm of the hand?
Five
metacarpals.
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How many phalanges are found in the fingers?
Fourteen
phalanges (
three
in each finger, two in the thumb).
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How are the phalanges named?
They are named according to their relative position:
proximal
, middle, and
distal
phalanges.
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How many phalanges does the thumb have?
Two phalanges (
proximal
and
distal
).
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What are the common causes of fractures in upper limb bones?
Breaking
a fall
Outstretched
hand sending force through upper limb
Resulting in various types of
fractures
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What are the three fused bones that form the os coxae?
Ilium,
ischium
, and
pubis.
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How is the os coxae anchored
anteriorly
?
By the
pubic symphysis.
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How is the os coxae anchored posteriorly?
To the
sacrum.
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