MATH04

• What is the main objective of Chapter 4 in the study material?

  To manage data through classification, presentation, and application of sampling processes.
• What are the three methods of presenting data mentioned in the objectives?

  • Textual method
  • Tabular method
  • Graphical method
• What is data defined as in the study material?

  Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations, or descriptions of things.
• What are the two categories of data?

  • Qualitative Data
  • Quantitative Data
• What is qualitative data also known as?

  Attribute data.
• Why is qualitative data difficult to analyze?


  Because it is not easy to analyze using numerical techniques.
• What is quantitative data also referred to as?

  Numerical data.
• What are the two classifications of quantitative data?

  • Discrete numerical data
  • Continuous numerical data
• What does discrete numerical data represent?

  Counts.
• Give an example of discrete numerical data.


  The number of people living in Brgy. San Isidro.
• What does continuous numerical data represent?

  Measurements.
• Provide an example of continuous numerical data.


  The height of a basketball player.
• What are the four levels of measurement for data classification?

  • Nominal Level
  • Ordinal Level
  • Interval Level
  • Ratio Level
• What characterizes nominal level data?

  Data that consists of names, labels, or categories only.
• Give an example of nominal level data.

  Category of shirt in terms of color.
• What is the ordinal level of measurement?

  Data that may be arranged in some order but differences between data values are meaningless.
• Provide an example of ordinal level data.

  Rank order of winners.
• What distinguishes interval level data?

  Meaningful amounts of differences can be determined, but it has no inherent zero starting point.
• Give an example of interval level data.

  Interval of Student’s IQ.
• What is the ratio level of measurement?

  Interval level modified to include an inherent zero starting point.
• Provide an example of ratio level data.

  Income of employees.
• What is the process of gathering data called?

  • Sampling
• What are the four common sampling methods from a population?

  • Random Sampling
  • Systematic Sampling
  • Stratified Random Sampling
  • Cluster Method
• What is random sampling?


  A sampling technique where each member of the population has the same chance of being chosen.
• Describe systematic sampling.


  A method where samples are determined by choosing every nth item on a list.
• What is the formula to determine the nth item in systematic sampling?

  Divide the population by the desired number of samples: $n =$$\frac{N}{m}$
• What is stratified random sampling?


  A technique where the population is divided into sub-groups and a sample is taken from each stratum.
• What is the cluster method in sampling?


  A method where certain strata are selected randomly, and the sample is chosen from only those strata.
• What are the methods of collecting data?

  • Interviews and Focus Groups
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Observations
  • Registration Method
  • Experiment Method
• What is the purpose of interviews and focus groups in data collection?

  To gather detailed and qualitative descriptions.
• What is a disadvantage of using interviews?

  It can be difficult to elicit participation from individuals with time constraints.
• What are surveys and questionnaires used for?

  To gather specific information from respondents indirectly.
• What is a disadvantage of surveys?

  Data entry and analysis can be time-consuming.
• What is the observation method in data collection?

  An unobtrusive method for gathering information about a certain concern or interest.
• What is a disadvantage of the observation method?

  It can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive.
• What is the registration method of data collection?


  A method enforced by certain laws where information is kept and made available for future references.
• What is the experiment method used for?


  To determine the cause-and-effect relationship of certain phenomena under controlled conditions.
• What are the basic rules for presenting collected data?

  • Organize data for effective presentation.
  • Ensure data is factual and relevant.
• What is textual or narrative presentation of data?

  A method that combines text and figures in a statistical report to emphasize certain data.
• What is a disadvantage of textual presentation?

  It may not give the reader a good grasp of the meaning of the quantitative relationship.