ENGLISH QUARTER 1 REVIEWER

• Ability:

  can, could
• Permission:

  can

  may
• prohibition:

  can't, mustn't
• Suggestions:

  shall, should
• Future probability:

  will, shall
• Possibility:

  may, might
• obligation:

  have to, must
• offers:

  will, would
• Requests:

  could, would
• past probability:

  could have, would have
• Zero conditional - Talk about permanent truths, such as scientific facts, and general habits.

  If + present simple, present simple.
• First Conditional - A possible situation in the future.

  If + present simple, will/won't + verb
• Second Conditional - Unlikely situations

  If + past simple + would/verb
• Third Conditional - Imagining a different past/Imaginary situation that did not happen

  If + Past perfect + Would have + Past particle
• Types of communicative styles:

  1. Intimate Communicative Style
  2. Casual Communicative Style
  3. Formal Communicative Style
  4. Consultative Communicative Style
  5. Frozen Communicative Style
• Intimate Communicative Style:

  total absence of social interactions

  this style is used by participants who know each other very well or share a very close relationship, such as between close friends, siblings, husband, and children and boyfriend and girlfriend.

  Ex. Sharing of secrets, parents talking about their family, goals and meditation
• Casual Communicative Style

  Uses a language used between friends, peers, colleagues, or family

  may use slang and nicknames

  Ex. Daily conversation with buddies, or friends, personal message/email, blog, tweet, letter to friends, phone call
• Consultative Communicative Style:

  two-way participation

  semi-formal situations in which a speaker needs to provide background information. The listener participates by giving feedback. Thus, both the speaker and the listener are active partcipants.

  Ex. Classroom discussions, doctor and patient, lawyer and client, group discussion, teacher and student
• Formal Communicative Style:

  Straightforward speech, no participation from the listener

  one-way communication

  Ex. Speeches, School lessons, graduation ceremony, a television newscast, sona, meetings
• Frozen Communicative Style:

  Also called as oratorical style

  The most formal style and is reserved for very formal situations

  uses prescribed and highly formal language

  Ex. National anthem, holy mass, religious rights, or rituals, pledge of allegiance, constitution, the lords prayers, oath and creed
• Context Clues - hints that the author gives to help define a difficult or unusual word.
• Inference:

  the meaning of the unfamiliar word can be guessed or inferred from the description of a situation.
• Definition:

  the meaning of an unfamilliar word is directly explained in the sentence.

  Clues (Signal words)

  • that is
  • is/are
  • is/are called
  • is defined as
  • means
  • refers to
• Example:

  example of the word is in the sentence or nearby sentences.

  Clues (Signal Words)

  • For example
  • For instance
  • including
  • such as
  • specifically
  • to illustrate
• Antonym:

  a word with opposite meaning is used in the sentence or nearby sentences.

  Clues (Signal Words)

  • But
  • however
  • although
  • otherwise
  • unless
  • instead of
  • while
  • on the contrary
  • unlike
  • on the other hand
• Synonym:

  words with similar meaning are used in or near the sentence.

  Clues (Signal words)

  • Commas ,
  • semicolons ;
  • dashes -
  • that is
  • or
  • in other words
• Elements of Poetry:

  • Line
  • Stanza
  • Repetition
  • Aliteration
  • Assonance
  • Consonance
  • Figurative Language
  • Rhyme
  • Onomatopoeia
• Line - Unit of writing on which a poem or play is divided
• stanza - group of lines within a poem, usually set off from others by a blank line or indentation
• Repetition - repeating words, phrases, lines or stanzas
• Alliteration - the repetition of the same sound at the start of a series of words
• assonance - the repetition of the vowel sound across words, creating internal rhyme
• Consonance - Literary device that occurs when words share the same consonant sound
• Figurative Language - used to create comparisons between two things in a way that is abstract or symbolic
• Rhyme - used by poets to produce sounds appealing to the reader's senses
• onomatopoeia - word that actually looks like the sound it makes, we can almost hear the sound it makes
• Punctions Marks:

  • Period .
  • Comma ,
  • Exclamation Point !
  • Question Mark ?
  • Dashes --
  • Colon :
  • Semicolon ;
  • Ellipsis ...
  • Parenthesis ()
  • Hyphen -
  • Brackets []
  • Quotation Marks ""
  • Apostrophe '
  • Slash /
• Period - Used to end sentences that aren't direct questions or exclamations
• Question Mark - indicate a question
• Exclamation Point - use to express emotion, urgency or an outcry