Biology

• Groups of specialised cells work together to perform a particular function called?


  Tissues
• Groups of tissues work together to perform a particular function called?

  Organs
• Organs work together to form the level of organisation called?

  An organ system
• What is the organ labelled 11 ?

  
  

  Rectum

  
• What is the organ labelled 8?

  Pancreas

  
• What is the primary structure

  of a protein?

  Amino Acids
• What is the structure typically made of lipids?


  1 glycerol and two fatty acids
• What foods are carbohydrates typically found in?


  Starch and glucose
• What is a catalyst?


  A chemical that speeds up chemical reactions.
• What is an enzyme?


  Biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms.
• What is metabolism?


  Metabolism refers to all the chemical processes going on continuously inside your body that allows life and normal functioning.
• how does temperature effect enzyme activity?

  1. raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction
  2. lowing temperature slows down a reaction
• How does pH effect enzyme action?

  When pH is increased above if decreased below optimum (satisfactory) pH enzyme activity decreases.
• Where does the food go after the stomach in the digestive system?

  Small intestine
• What are digestive enzymes?


  breaks down the food you eat
• What is the job of bile that is stored in the gall bladder, produced by the liver?


  Bile breaks down larger fat in food into small droplets of fat
• What are the three enzymes produced by the pancreas?

  1. Lipase
  2. Amylase
  3. Protease
• Is bile an Acid or a Alkali?

  Alkali
• What does denatured mean?

  Shape of enzymes active site is changed by high temperatures or extreme pH, so it can no longer bind with substrate.
• What is the role of the chloroplast in a cell?

  where photosynthesis takes place
• what is the role of ribsomes in a cell?

  tiny structures where protein synthesis takes place
• What is the role of cytoplasm in a cell?

  Where chemical reactions takes place
• What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

  Provides cells with the energy they need to function
• Role of cell membrane?

  Controls which substances that can pass in and out of the cell
• Role of the nucleus?

  Contains genetic material/DNA
• What is a unicellular organism?


  An organism consisting of a single cell e.g. fungi, bacteria
• What is a multicellular organism?

  An organism that has multiple cells e.g. humans
• Definition of eukayote?

  Organism with cells containing DNA in a nucleus.
• Definition of prokaryote?

  An organism that has free DNA
• what Is the striated muscle cell specialised to do?

  Contract and relax
• Name three adaptions of a striated muscle cell…

  1. Contain special proteins that slide over each other making fibres contract
  2. Contain many mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for chemical reactions that take place.
  3. Can store glycerol a chemical that can be broken down and used in cellular respiration
• Role of liver…


  Breaks down old worn out of blood cells
• Definition of metabolism…


  Sum up of all the reactions that take place in a cell or in the body
• What is the cell cycle?


  Genetic material that is doubled then divided into two identical cells
• What organ in the body produces bile?

  Liver
• What is the role of the appendix?

  Acts as a safe house for good bacteria and reboots the intestine with good bacteria before harmful bacteria finds a home there
• What is the role of the large intestine?

  Where water is absorbed from remaining material
• What is the role of the stomach?

  Digestion
• Role of the small intestine….

  Mechanical digestion from churning and release of hydrochloric acid and protease
• What is the role of the gall bladder?


  Stores bile