Branches of Philosophy

• Philosophy's 2 main branches

  • Cognitive
  • Normative
• Cognitive 


  the processes of thinking, understanding, and knowing. Intellectual/brain
• Cognitive 


  focus on how we process information, understand concepts, and form beliefs about the world.
• Normative


  involve judgments about what ought to be the case or what is good or bad.
• Normative 


  pertains to values, standards, or rules for behavior
• Under Cognitive, there are three branches:

  • Epistemology

  • Logic

  • Metaphysics
• Epistemology 


  study/theory of knowledge
• Epistemology 


  deals with the nature, sources, limitations, and validity of knowledge
• Logic


  Correct principles of reasoning and argument
• Logic


  not interested in what we know regarding certain subjects. Its concern, rather, is the truth or the validity of our arguments regarding such objects
• Aristotle 


  First to device a logical method
• Logical reasoning 


  makes us certain that our conclusions are true, and this provides us with accepted scientific proofs of universally valid propositions or statements
• Metaphysics 


  Studies the reality and existence
• Metaphysics 


  What is reality, why does reality exist, and how does it exist are just some of the questions pursued by ____
• This means the concept of thought, idea, existence, reality, being, and other abstract ideas of life are understood and analyzed using what is physically seen in the world and vice versa.

  Metaphysics
• Thales


  believed that the principle beyond all existence and reality can be best explained by the analogy of water. In fact, water universe.
• Metaphysics 


  assumes that the reality we see with our eyes is just a temporary cover of the true reality that exists beyond what our senses could perceive.
• Three branches under Normative:

  • Aesthetics

  • Politics

  • Ethics
• Aesthetics


  Standard of beauty
• Aesthetics


  the science of the beautiful in its various manifestations-including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly.
• Aesthetics 


  The establishment of criteria of beauty
• Politics 


  Standard of the society
• Politics 


  study of how people should organize and govern their societies. It explores ideas about power, justice, rights, and the role of government.
• Ethics


  Standard of what is good or bad
• Ethics


  the branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates the morality and virtue of human actions.
• Aesthetics 


  The philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes things "beautiful"
• Logic 


  branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning
• Epistemology 


  discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.
• Ethics 


  the branch which deals with moral questions and dilemmas
• Politics 


  studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power and the rights and obligations of citizens.
• Metaphysics 


  a branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding reality and existence