Social Organization 2.1

• Barkada - term that most Filipinos in their youth use to refer to a group who share the same social inclinations
• Social group - consists of individuals who are united by their similar characteristics, and these characteristics interact with one another.
• Social aggregrate - indiciduals gather in the same place but are neither interacting nor sharing similar characteristics.
• Social network - consists of individuals who have dyadic relationships that are interacting with other relationships within a structure. A social structure consisting of people who have varying degrees of relations and interrelationships.
• Sociogram - visual representation of the social networks present in one group or more. Developed by Jacob Moreno
• Clique - an exclusive group that is separate from the entire unit
• One-way choice - an individual who relates to another individual who does not reciprocate the affiliation
• Isolate - an individual who has chosen no one and is not chosen by anyone in the structure
• Three types of human social groupings:

  1. in-group
  2. out-group
  3. reference group
• In-group - social group in which an individual directly affiliates and expresses loyalty to. Its 3 primary characteristics reinforce the boundary that it creates between its members and those coming from other groups.
• Out-group - group that an individual is not part of. Negative attributes are usually associated with individuals who are part of this group. Individuals from this group are usually considered malevolent even if they are not. Usually bullied, stereotyped, dehumanized
• Reference group - the behavior of an individual can be shaped by the set of behavior and beliefs of a group that such an individual considers as ideal. This group is used by an individual as a standard to measure his/her actions.
• Normative effect - when an individual receives a positive self-evaluation
• Compatison effect - negative self-evaluation often results that affects individuals who try to appraise theirbehavior based on its prescribed norms. individual may attempt to alter his/her behavior to conform to the standards of the reference group
• Primary groups - direct sources of an individual's social skills and knowledge. The bonds that an individual forms with members of these groups extend over long periods of time. family, friends, peers, classmates, and church.
• Secondary groups - more formal in context as the relationships and interactions in them are limited to a particular role that an individual plays within the group. Relations that are temporary and practical such as client and an agent, researcher and informant
• Small groups

  
• Leadership and Conformity

  
• Social organization

  
• Collectivist organizational model