bioenergetics

• factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis:

  • temperature- increasing temp increases rate but if above 45C enzymes denature
  • carbon dioxide concentration- may not always have an effect if there is a limiting factor
  • light intensity- also can not have an effect if there is a limiting factor
  • chlorophyll concentration
• limiting factors in photosynthesis:

  • when warm and bright, carbon dioxide concentration is usually the limiting factor
  • in winter, temperature is
  • at night, light intensity is
  • mineral-deficient soil may lack magnesium to produce chlorophyll, so chlorophyll concentration can be
• photosynthesis in farming:

  • increasing yield- lighting and heating increase rate
  • cost- if lighting and heating expensive, it may not be possible to use it
  • farmers must evaluate where it is cost-effective
• uses of glucose:

  • cellulose
  • fats and oils stored as seeds
  • starch stored in stems, leaves or roots
  • proteins
• what reasons do organsims need energy?

  growth, contraction, homeostasis
• is photosynthesis endothermic or exothermic?

  endothermic
• is respiration an endothermic or exothermic reaction?

  exothermic
• what is the formula for aerobic respiration?

  C6H12O6+ 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H20 (+energy)
• what is glucose converted to in anaerobic respiration in plants>?

  ethanol and carbon dioxide
• what is fermentation?

  the convertion of glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeast
• metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that happen in an organism, many with the help of enzymes
• metabolic reactions:

  • converting glucose
  • making amino acids (combining nitrate ions)
  • breaking down excess proteins to form urea
  • making lipids
• what is glucose converted to in anaerobic respiration in animals?

  lactic acid