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Anaphy
Anaphy 2
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Created by
Aaron Orbeso
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Cards (32)
What is the basic unit of organization of all organisms according to cell theory?
Cells
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What does cell theory state about the origin of cells?
Cells arise only from
preexisting
cells through the process of
cell division.
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According to cell theory, what are all organisms composed of?
One or more
cells
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What does it mean that all existing cells are descendants of the first cells?
It means that all
cells
have evolved from the original cells formed early in the
evolutionary history
of life.
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What are the three main types of microscopy mentioned for cellular studies?
Light
microscopy (LM)
Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM)
Transmission
electron microscopy (TEM)
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What is the average size of most plant and animal cells?
Approximately
30
μm
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What shape are red blood cells?
Biconcave disc
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What is the function of the
plasma membrane
?
It acts as a
barrier separating
the
inside
and outside of the cell.
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How does the
plasma membrane
control the flow of substances?
By
regulating
what enters and
exits
the cell.
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What role does the plasma membrane play in cell identification?
It helps identify the
cell
to other
cells
, such as immune cells.
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What is the role of
membrane proteins
in
cellular function
?
They participate in various functions such as
signaling
, transport, and
cell recognition.
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What is the function of receptor proteins in the plasma membrane?
They bind to
chemical
messengers such as
hormones.
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What is the difference between channel proteins and gated channel proteins?
Channel proteins are constantly
open
, while gated channel proteins
open
and close at certain times.
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What is the role of cell-identity markers?
They distinguish the body's own
cells
from
foreign
cells.
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What is the function of cell-adhesion molecules (CAM)?
They
bind
one
cell
to another.
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What are the methods of crossing the plasma membrane?
Diffusion
Facilitated transport
Active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
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What is
diffusion
?
Movement
of substances toward lower concentration until
equilibrium
is reached.
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What is osmosis?
It is a type of
diffusion
involving the net movement of water through a
selectively permeable membrane.
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What happens to animal cells in an isotonic solution?
There is no net movement of
water.
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What occurs in a hypotonic solution?
Water
enters the cell, which may burst (
lysis
).
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What occurs in a hypertonic solution?
Water leaves the
cell
, which
shrivels
(crenation).
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What is active transport?
Movement of substances against a
concentration gradient
that requires
cellular energy
in the form of ATP.
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What is the sodium-potassium pump?
It is a
carrier-assisted
active transport mechanism that moves sodium and potassium ions across the
plasma membrane.
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What is endocytosis?
It is the process where tiny vesicles detach from the
plasma membrane
to move materials
into
a cell.
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What is exocytosis?
It is the process where vesicles merge with the
plasma membrane
to move materials
out
of a cell.
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What are the types of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated
endocytosis
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What is
receptor-mediated
endocytosis?
It is the selective uptake of large molecules and particles through specific receptors in membrane areas called
clathrin-coated pits.
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What is the role of vesicles in cellular transport?
They transport materials around the cell or across the
plasma membrane.
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What is the function of the
sodium-potassium
pump in terms of ion transport?
It expels
3 sodium ions
(Na+) from the cytosol and imports
2 potassium ions
(K+) into the cell.
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What triggers the sodium-potassium pump to change shape?
The binding of sodium ions and the splitting of ATP into
ADP
and
phosphate.
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What happens to the sodium-potassium pump after potassium ions bind to it?
It returns to its original shape, moving potassium ions into the
cell.
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What are the steps involved in the sodium-potassium pump mechanism?
Sodium
ions bind to the pump.
ATP
is split into
ADP
and phosphate.
The pump changes
shape
and expels
sodium
ions.
Potassium
ions bind to the pump.
The pump returns to its
original
shape and imports
potassium
ions.
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