Mode

• What is the term used for language that connects with social groups?

  Sociolect
• What does divergence in sociolect refer to?

  Distancing from other groups
• What is the term used for language that connects with social groups?

  Sociolect
• What are the characteristics of electronic mode language features?

  • Freedom and no restrictions
  • Informal tone
  • Blend of spoken and written characteristics
• How does sociolect relate to social groups?

  It reflects the language used by specific social groups.
• What is the role of personalisation in electronic communication?

  Addressing mass audiences as though they were individuals
• What are the characteristics of electronic mode language?

  It includes features like informal tone and freedom of expression.
• Which verbs highlight user possibilities in electronic communication?

  "Connect" and "share"
• What are the key features of electronic mode language?

  • Informal tone
  • Freedom of expression
  • Blend of written and spoken characteristics
• What is the function of the possessive determiner "your" in electronic communication?

  It personalizes the message for the individual
• How do imperative verbs function in electronic communication?

  They encourage engagement through direct commands
• What does a descriptivist study focus on?

  It studies language change and describes influences on language.
• What is an example of hypertextual linking in electronic communication?

  Links that allow users to navigate to other content
• What is personalisation in electronic communication?

  It addresses mass audiences as though they were individuals.
• What is the purpose of interrogative forms in electronic communication?

  To prompt user interaction and engagement
• Which verbs highlight user possibilities in electronic communication?

  "Connect" and "share"
• What are the main non-standard forms of language use in electronic communication?

  • Deletion (omission of letters)
  • Clipping (shortening words)
  • Letter homophones (using letters that sound like words)
  • Number homophones (using numbers to represent sounds)
  • Phonetic spelling (spelling words as they sound)
  • Acronyms (initial letters forming new words)
  • Deviant spelling (non-standard spelling for effect)
• What is the purpose of imperative verbs in electronic communication?

  They encourage engagement and direct action.
• What is the definition of paralinguistic features?

  Non-verbal features in communication, such as emojis
• How do interrogative forms function in electronic communication?

  They invite responses and engagement from users.
• What is graphology in the context of electronic communication?

  It refers to the visual aspects of written communication, such as images and symbols.
• What are some reasons for creative language use in computer-mediated communication (CMC)?

  To support individuality, group membership, and quicker communication
• What are the main non-standard forms in electronic communication according to David Crystal?

  • Omission of capitalisation
  • Abbreviations and rebuses
  • Emotive punctuation
  • Phonetic spellings
  • Grammatical constructions
• Who conducted research on non-standard forms in electronic communication?

  David Crystal
• What is eye-dialect?

  An unusual and non-standard way of spelling used to represent speech patterns
• What does eye-dialect represent?

  It represents patterns of speech through non-standard spelling.
• What is the definition of nonce formation?

  A word created for a specific occasion or use.
• How are emoticons and smileys used in electronic communication?

  They create pictorial representations of emotions using alphabetic characters.
• What does the term 'nonce formation' refer to?

  A word created for a specific occasion or use
• What is an initialism?

  An abbreviation formed from the initial letters of a phrase.
• What is the definition of an emoticon?

  A combination of alphabetic characters to create a pictorial representation of an emotion
• What are the characteristics of spoken mode language?

  • Adjacency pairs
  • Backchannelling
  • Deictic expressions
  • Discourse markers
  • Elision
  • False starts/repairs
  • Fillers
  • Hedging
  • Interruption
  • Micropause
• What is the function of adjacency pairs in spoken discourse?

  They facilitate conversational turn-taking
• What is an adjacency pair in spoken language?

  It consists of two utterances by two speakers, one after the other.
• What is backchannelling in conversation?

  It refers to listener responses to what is being said.
• What are discourse markers used for?

  They enable speakers to begin a conversation or shift topics.
• What does elision refer to in spoken language?

  It is the omission of part of a grammatical structure for a casual tone.
• What is a filler in conversation?

  A sound or word used to signal a pause while thinking.
• What is hedging in spoken language?

  It makes statements less direct or softens their impact.
• What is a micropause?

  A very short break in speech, less than a second.