PSYCHOLOGY

• Who conducted the famous attachment study in the 1970s?

  Mary Ainsworth
• What was one of the aims of Ainsworth's attachment study?

  To classify different types of attachment
• What age group did Ainsworth's study focus on?

  12-18 month old infants
• What did Ainsworth's study focus on?


  Infant-caregiver relationships
• How many episodes were included in the Strange Situation procedure?

  Eight episodes
• How was Ainsworth's study designed to observe infant behavior?

  In a controlled setting
• What is the name of the procedure developed by Ainsworth to observe attachment behaviors?

  The "Strange Situation" procedure
• What type of attachment is characterized by infants using the parent as a secure base for exploration?

  Secure Attachment (Type B)
• What key behaviors were observed during the Strange Situation procedure?


  Exploration of the room, reactions to the stranger, reaction to parent's departure, and behavior upon parent's return
• How do infants with Anxious-Ambivalent/Resistant Attachment typically behave upon reunion with their parent?

  They seek contact but resist comfort
• What behavior is typical of infants with Anxious-Avoidant Attachment?

  They appear independent and show little distress when the parent leaves
• What is one criticism of Ainsworth's Strange Situation study related to cultural bias?

  The study was initially conducted in Western cultures, which may not reflect attachment behaviors in other cultures
• What did Ainsworth's study reveal about maternal sensitivity?

  Securely attached infants tended to have mothers who were more responsive and sensitive to their needs
• What is a limitation of the Strange Situation regarding the focus on caregivers?

  The study primarily looked at mother-infant relationships and did not adequately consider other caregivers
• Which episode in the Strange Situation procedure involves the parent leaving the infant alone?

  Episode 6
• What was one of the implications of Ainsworth's findings regarding attachment patterns?


  Attachment patterns in infancy predict various aspects of later development
• Why is the laboratory setting considered a limitation of the Strange Situation study?

  It may not reflect real-world attachment behaviors and could be too stressful for infants
• What type of attachment was added later by other researchers?

  Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment (Type D)
• What ethical concern is raised about the Strange Situation procedure?

  It may cause unnecessary distress to infants
• What are the key findings and implications of Ainsworth's Strange Situation study?

  - Approximately 65% of infants were securely attached - About 20% were anxious-avoidant - Around 15% were anxious-ambivalent - Securely attached infants had more responsive mothers - Attachment patterns predict later development - Cultural variations exist in attachment types - Parents' attachment experiences influence their children's styles - Improving caregiver sensitivity can promote secure attachment
• What is one reliability issue associated with the classification of attachment types in Ainsworth's study?

  Classification can be subjective and inter-rater reliability has been questioned
• Who conducted the famous attachment study in the 1970s?

  Mary Ainsworth
• What was the primary purpose of Ainsworth's attachment study?

  To expand on John Bowlby's attachment theory and observe how infants respond to brief separations from their primary caregiver
• What is the name of Stage 1 in attachment development?

  Asocial Stage
• During which period does the Asocial Stage occur in a baby's life?

  In the first few weeks
• What preference do babies show during the Asocial Stage?


  A general preference for human presence
• What are the key characteristics of the Asocial Stage?

  • Babies respond similarly to humans and non-human objects
  • General preference for human presence
  • Beginning of bond formation with certain individuals
• What is the name of Stage 2 in attachment development?

  Indiscriminate Attachments
• What age range does the Indiscriminate Attachments stage cover?

  From approximately 2 to 7 months
• What type of behavior becomes more observable during the Indiscriminate Attachments stage?

  More observable social behavior
• What do babies show a preference for during the Indiscriminate Attachments stage?

  People over inanimate objects
• What do babies begin to recognize during the Indiscriminate Attachments stage?

  Familiar adults
• How do babies respond to comfort during the Indiscriminate Attachments stage?

  They accept comfort from any adult
• What type of anxiety is not present during the Indiscriminate Attachments stage?

  No separation anxiety or stranger anxiety
• What are the key characteristics of the Indiscriminate Attachments stage?

  • More observable social behavior
  • Preference for people over inanimate objects
  • Recognition and preference for familiar adults
  • Acceptance of comfort from any adult
  • No separation anxiety or stranger anxiety
  • Indiscriminate attachment behavior
• What is the name of Stage 3 in attachment development?

  Specific Attachments
• At what age does the Specific Attachments stage typically begin?

  Around 7 months
• What type of anxiety do babies start to display during the Specific Attachments stage?

  Stranger anxiety
• What type of anxiety do babies experience when separated from a particular adult during the Specific Attachments stage?

  Separation anxiety
• Who do babies typically form a specific attachment to during the Specific Attachments stage?

  Usually to one adult, often the biological mother